Intercropping with Tropaeolum majus and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of Allophylus edulis

Nascimento, Jaqueline Silva; Vieira, Maria do Carmo; Zárate, Néstor Antonio Heredia; Goelzer, Ademir; Silva, Orivaldo Benedito da; Santos, Cleberton Correira

doi:10.1590/0034-737X201966050004

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 66 (5) • Sep-Oct 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201966050004 copy

Intercropping with Tropaeolum majus and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of Allophylus edulis ¹ 1 This paper is part of the first author’s Doctoral thesis. Financial source: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Proper crop management is essential for preservation of medicinal plants of the Cerrado. There is no report of ex-situ cultivation of Allophylus edulis (vacum), which is used for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in intercropping with Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the intercropping with nasturtium and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of vacum. The experiment consisted of six treatments: monocrop vacum without chicken manure; monocrop vacum with hicken manure; monocrop nasturtium without chicken manure; monocrop nasturtium with chicken manure; vacum intercropped with nasturtium without chicken manure and vacum intercropped with nasturtium with chicken manure. The crop cycle of vacum took 540 days after transplanting and, during this period, nasturtium was cultivated in two cycles, in 2017 and 2018. Vacum showed greater height growth and production of fresh and dry masses of leaves in single cultivation with chicken manure fertilization. Nasturtium showed greater growth and flower production in monocrop cultivation with chicken manure fertiliazation, in the first cycle. The intercropping vacum with nasturtium was effective, showing Equivalent Area Ratio (EAR) of 1.16 and 1.18 without and with chicken manure, respectively.

Keywords:
nasturtium; vacum; organic waste; plant arrangement

Attributes	Initial	With chicken manure			Without chicken manure			C.V. (%)
Attributes	Initial	Vacum	Nasturtium	Consortium	Vacum	Nasturtium	Consortium
P (mg dm^-3)	14.33	51.17±13.65ab	51.82±23.78ab	54.97±20.06a	17.67±5.52b	24.00±7.38ab	31.15±5.22ab	40.39
K (mmolc dm^-3)	5.40	2.10±0.09a	1.70±0.07ab	2.00±0.05a	0.90±0.01ab	0.70±0.01b	1.20±0.01ab	35.88
Ca (mmolc dm^-3)	35.10	75.00±0.54a	75.00±0.85a	72.50±0.79a	65.00±0.33a	62.50±0.40a	62.50±0.31a	9.29
Mg (mmolc dm^-3)	17.30	22.50±0.16a	25.00±0.21a	22.50±0.10a	20.00±0.30a	20.00±0.15a	20.00±0.05a	14.60
Cu (mg dm^-3)	-	13.25±0.37a	13.00±0.85a	13.75±0.23a	12.50±1.09a	12.75±0.81a	13.25±0.71a	6.59
Mn (mg dm^-3)	-	92.00±2.93a	86.75±9.43a	78.75±6.87a	82.00±7.59a	76.75±9.71a	86.50±8.15a	8.26
Fe (mg dm^-3)	-	123.75±15.55a	123.00±11.48a	132.25±27.22 a	139.25±24.01a	135.00±15.91a	145.75±22.39a	15.38
Zn (mg dm^-3)	-	4.75±0.84ab	5.00±1.24a	3.50±1.08ab	3.50±0.53ab	3.50±0.46ab	2.75±0.51b	23.49
OM (g dm-³)	27.31	33.75±0.62a	31.75±2.97a	30.50±1.54ab	29.25±2.53ab	26.25±2.80b	26.50±3.07b	7.62
pH	5.40	5.25±0.12a	5.35±0.07a	5.32±0.08a	5.11±0.12a	5.18±0.07a	5.35±0.09a	2.01
Al (mmolc dm^-3)	1.00	0.90±0.06ab	0.60±0.06ab	0.30±0.06b	2.10±0.06a	1.50±0.06ab	1.20±0.09ab	59.75
H+Al (mmolc dm^-3)	57.60	34.70±0.23a	32.90±0.10a	33.50±0.06a	38.80±0.73a	33.40±0.26a	33.30±0.15a	8.74
SB (mmolc dm^-3)	5.80	2.10±0.09a	1.60±0.07ab	2.00±0.05a	0.90±0.01ab	0.80±0.01b	1.20±0.01ab	36.69
CEC (mmolc dm^-3)	115.40	36.60±0.30a	34.10±0.14a	34.90±0.07 a	39.90±0.77 a	34.70±0.34 a	35.10±0.18a	8.23
V%	5.09	5.40±2,47ab	4.67±1.86ab	5.82±1.27a	2.60±0.33b	2.35±0.33b	3.40 ab±0.21b	33.00

Nutrient	With chicken manure		Without chicken manure		C. V. (%)
	Vacum
	Monocrop	Intercrop	Monocrop	Intercrop
N (g kg^-1)	138.60±1.14 a	136.50±8.66 a	51.10±14.56 b	43.75±10.19 b	40.80
P (g kg^-1)	3.74±0.70 ab	4.07±0.64 ab	2.95±0.23 b	4.25±0.48 a	15.31
K (g kg^-1)	1.83±0.42 a	1.92±0.58 a	1.54±0.30 a	1.82±0.42 a	27.15
Ca (g kg^-1)	11.57±1.28 a	11.18±1.21 ab	9.93±0.76 ab	9.25±0.76 b	9.84
Mg (g kg^-1)	3.68±0.31 a	3.59±0.40 a	3.53±0.31 a	3.59±0.26 a	5.10
Cu (mg kg^-1)	4.11±0.28 a	4.03±0.52 a	3.54±0.35 a	3.76±0.44 a	9.38
Mn (mg kg^-1)	96.89±8.51 a	86.76±7.05 ab	84.89±11.67 ab	69.87±3.31 b	9.39
Zn (mg kg^-1)	20.67±7.24 a	22.45±12.62 a	14.00±6.27 a	23.85±5.45 a	42.62
	Nasturtium
N (g kg^-1)	123.55±8.03 a	104.30±17.63 a	7.00±1.97 b	12.25±2.39 b	49.43
P (g kg^-1)	6.72±0.79 a	7.27±1.25 a	6.06±1.45 a	5.33±0.91 a	15.15
K (g kg^-1)	3.79±1.04 b	5.66±0.63 a	6.05±0.66 a	3.57±0.51 b	12.81
Ca (g kg^-1)	19.02±2.79 a	22.00±5.42 a	17.15±11.77 a	17.44±10.08 a	37.92
Mg (g kg^-1)	4.47±0.30 a	4.52±0.30 a	3.53±2.35 a	4.64±0.32 a	27.20
Cu (mg kg^-1)	21.41±17.28 a	12.25±4.43 a	16.85±4.62 a	17.95±6.46 a	52.35
Mn (mg kg^-1)	138.51±26.48 a	113.21±21.06 a	127.11±25.52 a	128.01±26.17 a	23.04
Zn (mg kg^-1)	58.20±20.92 a	72.00±13.92 a	76.09±20.19 a	75.80±16.53 a	17.60

Parameters	With chicken manure		Without chicken manure		C. V. (%)
	Vacum
	Monocrop	Intercrop	Monocrop	Intercrop
Ci (µmol mol^-1)	270.30±33.40 a	261.09±27.70 ab	242.33±23.55 b	252.40±26.02 ab	10.53
E (mmol m^-2 s^-1)	3.22±0.92 b	3.67±1.16 ab	3.43±1.47 ab	4.27±0.92 a	30.94
Gs (mol m^-2 s^-1)	0.120±0.07 a	0.123±0.07 a	0.129±0.05 a	0.165±0.04 a	44.32
A (µmol m^-2 s^-1 )	10.57±1.95 a	9.73±2.42 a	7.82±1.38 b	7.85±1.97 b	24.46
WUE (mmol CO² mol-¹ H_²O)	3.45±0.73 a	2.72±0.36 ab	2.75±0.36 ab	2.31±0.50 b	36.27
ICE (mol m^-2 s^-1)	0.032±0.003 a	0.031±0.007 a	0.034±0.004 a	0.033±0.007 a	25.69
WUEi (µmol mol^-1)	86.94±27,14 a	83.00±11,15 ab	75.53±14,50 bc	73.32±13,64 c	14.43
Chlorophyll a	34.26±1.49 a	34.24±2.45 a	29.66±2.25 b	28.43±2.72 b	15.90
Chlorophyll b	14.66±0.45 a	13.61±0.75 a	13.44±28.47 a	10.48±0.46 a	40.38
Chlorophyll total	48.93±1.94 a	47.86±3.20 a	41.40±3.44 b	38.93±3.10 b	15.26
	Nasturtium
Chlorophyll a	31.67±1.68 a	31.18±2.09 a	27.64±2.84 b	26.61±2.14 b	9.32
Chlorophyll b 2018	12.22±0.69 a	10.39±0.82 ab	8.72±0.45 bc	7.91±0.35 c	21.75
Chlorophyll total	43.92±2.12 a	41.57±2.87 a	36.43±3.12 b	34.59±2.16 b	10.09
Chlorophyll a	30.66±4.46 a	30.72±3.47 a	24.02±1.45 b	25.45±1.66 b	14.40
Chlorophyll b 2019	11.83±1.93 a	12.56±0.77 a	8.48±1.12 b	8.66±0.53 b	18.64
Chlorophyll total	42.50±6.38 a	43.28±4.25 a	32.50±1.57 b	34.10±2.12 b	14.57

Variables	With chicken manure		Without chicken manure		C. V. (%)
	Vacum
	Monocrop	Intercrop	Monocrop	Intercrop
FML (g plant^-1)	247.02±25.98 a	142.86±5.34 ab	235.32±18.35 a	117.38±7.57 b	36.29
DML (g plant^-1)	79.32±9.23 a	39.54±2.97 ab	68.65±5.30 ab	31.83±2.75 b	47.65
FMS (g plant^-1)	186.25±30.22 a	120.46±9.57 a	178.51±21.16 a	120.95±12.50 a	63.69
DMS (g plant^-1)	104.76±14.39 a	72.70±4.59 a	99.33±9.48 a	72.93±5.77 a	51.10
LA (cm² plant^-1)	8318.04±80.22 a	4354.83±20.05 bc	7400.81±50.62 ab	3787.78±20.79 c	36.21
	Nasturtium
FML (g plant^-1)	164.00±11.11 a	57.50±3.31 b	84.25±2.38 ab	42.75±2.18 b	63.26
DML (g plant^-1)	19.75±13.54 a	8.75±4.48 ab	10.25±5.38 ab	6.25±3.39 b	65.62
FMS (g plant^-1)	73.75±7.38 a	27.00±1.32 a	47.00±3.15 a	24.00±1.33 a	90.08
DMS (g plant^-1)	11.75±7.46 a	4.50±2.32 a	7.25±4.04 a	4.00±1.79 a	64.55
LA (cm² plant^-1)	2097.25±20.32 a	1525.75±50.44 ab	1001.75 bc±40.43	754.00±10.73 c	31.58

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[1] *Corresponding author: jaque24nascimento@hotmail.com

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Intercropping with Tropaeolum majus and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of Allophylus edulis 1 1 This paper is part of the first author’s Doctoral thesis. Financial source: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq.

ABSTRACT

Intercropping with Tropaeolum majus and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of Allophylus edulis ¹ 1 This paper is part of the first author’s Doctoral thesis. Financial source: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq.