Water balance and technical-financial performance of irrigation in the cassava cultivation<sup/>

Silva, Ricardo Barros; Teodoro, Iêdo; Souza, José Leonaldo de; Ferreira Júnior, Ricardo Araújo; Santos, Marcos Alex dos; Martins, Gleica Maria Correia

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370050007

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Agricultural Engineering • Rev. Ceres 70 (5) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370050007 copy

Water balance and technical-financial performance of irrigation in the cassava cultivation¹ 1 This paper was extracted from a doctoral thesis entitled “Growth and Productivity of Cassava Under Irrigation Levels” of the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. All authors belong to the same institution. There was no research funding.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective, in this research, was to evaluate the agricultural productivity and the financial performance of levels of irrigation in the cassava. For this, experiment was carried out, under a randomized block design, with six irrigation levels, as a function of crop evapotranspiration (L₀ = 0% (rainfed), L₁ = 40%, L₂ = 80%, L₃ = 120%, L₄ = 160% and L₅ = 200% of ET_C) and four repetitions. Was evaluated: length and mass of roots, productivity of maximum physical and economic efficiency of roots and productivity of the aerial part. The irrigation level L₅ or total useful water of 1,023 mm, got greatest productivity of the aerial part, 57 Mg ha^-1. With a total useful water of 926 mm, this irrigation level, generated the greatest length and mass of roots per plant and the maximum physical productivity, 94 Mg ha^-1. As well as the root yield of maximum economic efficiency, which is achieved with a total usable water, 914 mm. Among the irrigation levels studied, L₃ (963 mm) is the one that provides the greatest productivity of roots, 90 Mg ha^-1, and gross revenue 167% higher than in areas cultivated under rainfed conditions. Therefore, irrigation of cassava is economically viable.

Keywords
Manihot esculenta Crantz; total useful water; root mass; physical productivity and maximum economic

Physical-hydric properties	Unit	Value
Field capacity	m³ m^-3	0.244
Permanent wilting point	m³ m^-3	0.147
Available water capacity	mm	58.00
Soil density	g m^-3	1.50
Total porosity	m³ m^-3	0.423
Basic infiltration speed	mm h^-1	52.00
Chemical properties
pH in water	--	5.8
Phosphor	ppm	37
Potassium	ppm	111
Ca + Mg	meq 100 mL^-1	4.1
Ca	meq 100 mL^-1	2.4
Mg	meq 100 mL^-1	1.7
Na	ppm	36
Al	meq 100 mL^-1	0.06
Al + H	meq 100 mL^-1	4.8
Sum of Bases	--	4.5
Effective C.T.C.	--	4.6
V	(%)	48.6
M	(%)	1.3
Total M.O.	(%)	2.3
Fe	ppm	103.8
Cu	ppm	0.46
Zn	ppm	4.0
Mn	ppm	11.3

Unit prices (R$/unit.)
Electricity	R$ kW^-1 h^-1	0.47
Labor	R$ month^-1	1,700.00
Labor	R$ ha^-1 month^-1	56.67
Irrigation system	R$ ha^-1	11,420.00
Weighted amortization over 20 years	R$ ha^-1 year^-1	878.00
Basic infiltration speed	mm h^-1	52.00
Annual operating costs
Electricity	R$ ha^-1 year^-1	1,052.00
Labor	R$ ha^-1 year^-1	283.35
Applied millimeter cost
Operational cost	R$ mm^-1	1.98
Fixed cost of the applied millimeter	R$ mm^-1	1.30
Total cost of applied millimeter	R$ mm^-1	3.28

CAUSE OF VARIATION	MEDIUM SQUARES
CAUSE OF VARIATION	D.F.	LR	MR	RP	AP
CV (%)		22.75	34.80	34.80	20.46
Levels	5	251.775^* * - Significant at 5% and	6.2074^* * - Significant at 5% and	2481.877^* * - Significant at 5% and	136.26^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).
Blocks	3	91.597^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).	1.0997^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).	439.664^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).	31.447^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).
Linear Regression	1	274.032^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).	15.200^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).	6078.690^* * - Significant at 5% and	540.84^* * - Significant at 5% and
Quadratic Regression	1	810.694^* * - Significant at 5% and	15.334^* * - Significant at 5% and	6132.062^* * - Significant at 5% and	87.291^NS NS - Not significant by the F test (p < 0.05).
Residue	15	77.197	1.7334	693.529	112.54

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[1] *Corresponding author: ricardoufal2010@gmail.com