Ideology |
Pritchett (1968PRITCHETT, C. H. Public law and judicial behavior. The Journal of Politics, Chicago, v. 30, n. 2, p. 480-509, may 1968.) |
Analyzes the North American Supreme Court trials in order to identify patterns arising from ideological differences. |
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Epstein, Landes and Posner (2013EPSTEIN, L.; LANDES, W. M.; POSNER, R. A. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013.) |
Argues that the impacts of political ideology have been growing over time. |
Arida, Bacha and Lara-Resende (2005ARIDA, P.; BACHA, E.; LARA-RESENDE, A. Credit, interest, and jurisdictional uncertainty: conjectures on the case of Brazil. In: GIAVAZZI, F.; GOLDFAJN, I.; HERRERA, S. Inflation Targeting, Debt, and the Brazilian Experience, 1999 to 2003. Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 265-293, 2005.) |
Point to the existence of an alleged pro-debtor bias by the Brazilian judiciary. |
Yeung and Azevedo (2015YEUNG, L. L.T.; AZEVEDO, P. F.A. Nem Robin Hood, nem King John: testando o viés anti-credor e anti-devedor dos magistrados brasileiros. Economic Analysis of Law Review, Brasília, v. 6, n. 1, p. 1-22, jan/jun 2015.) |
Analyzes the studies of Arida, Bacha and Lara-Resende (2005ARIDA, P.; BACHA, E.; LARA-RESENDE, A. Credit, interest, and jurisdictional uncertainty: conjectures on the case of Brazil. In: GIAVAZZI, F.; GOLDFAJN, I.; HERRERA, S. Inflation Targeting, Debt, and the Brazilian Experience, 1999 to 2003. Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 265-293, 2005.) in approximately 1,700 decisions of the STJ (Supreme Court of Justice). |
Gender |
Peresie (2005PERESIE, J. L. Female judges matter: gender and collegial decisionmaking in the federal appellate courts. The Yale Law Journal, New Haven, v. 114, n. 7, p. 1759-1790, may 2005.) |
Shows that the gender of judges is a significant determinant in the decisions of appellate courts in the United States, in cases of disputes over sexual harassment and discrimination. |
Farhang and Wawro (2004FARHANG, S.; WAWRO, G. Institutional dynamics on the US Court of Appeals: minority representation under panel decision making. Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, v. 20, n. 2, p. 299-330, 2004.) |
According to these authors, judges tend to significantly influence their male colleagues. |
Boyd, Epstein and Martin (2010EPSTEIN, L.; MARTIN, A. D. Does public opinion influence the Supreme Court? Possibly yes (but we're not sure why). Journal of Constitutional Law, Philadelphia, v. 13, n. 263, p. 263-281, december 2010.) |
Found significant gender impact in sex discrimination litigation. |
King and Greening (2007KING, K. L.; GREENING, M. Gender justice or just gender? The role of gender in sexual assault decisions at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Social Science Quarterly, v. 88, n. 5, p. 1049-1071, december 2007.) |
A nalyzed the decisions of the International Criminal Court in cases of sexual violence in the former Yugoslavia. |
Poncezk and Grezzana (2012) |
Analyzed more than 90 thousand labor conflicts in the Superior Labor Court: in general, they do not find evidence of gender impact in the decisions of that court. |
Composition and voting on panels, and peer effect |
Epstein, Landes and Posner (2013EPSTEIN, L.; LANDES, W. M.; POSNER, R. A. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical and Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2013.) |
Tested the occurrence of the effect of the composition of the panel, that is, votes decided unanimously or by majority. |
Smyth (2005SMYTH, R. The role of attitudinal, institutional and environmental factors in explaining variations in the dissent rate on the High Court of Australia. Australian Journal of Political Science, v. 40, n. 4, p. 519-540, december 2005.) |
Dissent pattern in the Australian Supreme Court for almost a hundred years. |
Media and popular opinion |
Epstein and Kobylka (1992EPSTEIN, L.; KOBYLKA, J. F. The Supreme Court and Legal Change: Abortion and the Death Penalty. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992.) |
According to these authors, most judicial decisions reflect public opinion. |
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Casillas, Enns and Wohlfarth (2011CASILLAS, C. J.; ENNS, P. K.; WOHLFARTH, P. C. How public opinion constrains the U.S. Supreme Court. American Journal of Political Science, v. 55, n. 1, p. 74-88, january 2011.) |
They find significant influence of public opinion on the decisions of the United States Supreme Court. |
Giles, Blackstone and Vining Jr (2008GILES, M. W.; BLACKSTONE, B.; VINING JR, R. L. The Supreme Court in american democracy: unraveling the linkages between public opinion and judicial decision making. The Journal of Politics, Chicago, v. 70, n. 2, p. 293-306, april 2008.) |
They say there is clear evidence of causality in the vote of the ministers. |
Epstein and Martin (2010EPSTEIN, L.; MARTIN, A. D. Does public opinion influence the Supreme Court? Possibly yes (but we're not sure why). Journal of Constitutional Law, Philadelphia, v. 13, n. 263, p. 263-281, december 2010.) |
They find evidence that the Supreme Court's decisions are, to some degree, in line with public opinion. |
Lopes and Azevedo (2018LOPES, F. M.; AZEVEDO, P. F. Government appointment discretion and judicial independence: preference and opportunistic effects on Brazilian Courts. Economic Analysis of Law Review, Brasília, v. 9, n. 2, p. 84-106, mai/ago 2018.) |
Comparing the impacts of pressure from the Executive Branch (especially from the Presidency of the Republic) on the decisions of the Supreme Court of Justice and the Supreme Federal Court. |