TO DISSEMINATE, TO SOLICIT AND TO RESTRICT: CONJUGATED VERBS IN ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFORMATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTHERN CONE

Eirão, Thiago Gomes; Leite, Fernando César Lima

doi:10.20396/rdbci.v018i0.8655940/22015

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ARTICLE • RDBCI : Rev. Digit. Bibl. e Cienc. Inf. 18 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v018i0.8655940/22015 copy

TO DISSEMINATE, TO SOLICIT AND TO RESTRICT: CONJUGATED VERBS IN ACCESS TO PUBLIC INFORMATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTHERN CONE

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Deals with the study of access to public information in the context of the countries of the Southern Cone. From the study of the laws that treat the issue in five Southern Cone countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, the present work explore the characteristics and similarities from the legal texts with the theoretical guidelines of the access to public information defined by Braman (2004, 2006, 2011), Mendel (2009) and the Inter-American Model of the Access to Information Law (2012).

KEYWORDS:
Access to information; Public information; Southern Cone; Access to information law

Mendel (2009MENDEL, Toby. Liberdade de informação um estudo comparado. Brasília: UNESCO, 2009. 172 p. )	Inter-American Model on Access to Information Law (2012)	Braman (2004BRAMAN, Sandra. The emergent global information policy regime. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 262 p. , 2006, 2011)	Guiding concept
Maximum disclosure	1. Access promotion measures.	1. Access to information.	Legislation should be guided by the principle of maximum disclosure, confidentiality should be an exception.
Obligation to publish	1. Access promotion measures. 2. Accessing information held by public authorities.	1.Format of the scheme. 2. Global information infrastructure.	Public bodies should be required to publish essential information.
Promotion of an open government	1. Access promotion measures.	1. Interaction of social processes.	Public agencies need to actively promote government openness³ 3 The definition of essential information tends to differ according to the context, but it usually encompasses information on competence, structure, operation, expense recording, bidding procedures, and financial resources used by agencies. .
Limitation of information coverage	1. Access Exceptions. 2. Appeals. 3. Information Comission.	1. Regulatory mechanisms.	Exceptions must be clear and strictly defined and subject to rigorous "damage" and "public interest" testing.
Procedures that facilitate access	1. Information Comission. 2. Compliance measures and updating of the law. 3. Accessing information held by public authorities.	1. Policy precedence.	Requests for information should be processed promptly and fairly, with the possibility of independent examination in case of refusal.
Costs	1. Accessing information held by public authorities. 2. Compliance measures and updating of the law.	There is no correlation.	People should not be prevented from making requests for information because of the high costs involved.
Open Meetings	There is no correlation.	There is no correlation.	Meetings of public bodies should be open to the public.
A divulgação tem precedência	1. Compliance measures and updating of the law. 2. Transitional Measures.	1. What you see is not all you will receive.	Laws that do not support the idea of maximum disclosure should be reviewed or repealed.
Proteção para os denunciantes	1. Information commission.	1. Global information infrastructure.	Individuals who bring information about wrongdoing to the public - whistleblowers - need to be protected.

Country	Access to information laws
Argentina	Law nº 27.275, de 14 de September de 2016
Brazil	Law nº 12.527, de 18 de November de 2011
Chile	Law nº 20.285, de 11 de July de 2008
Paraguay	Law nº 5.282, de 18 de September de 2014.
Uruguay	Law nº 18.381, de 7 de October de 2008

Guideline	Total score in all countries	Maximum Score
Guideline 1: Maximum Disclosure	24,5	25
Guideline 4: Access Exceptions	21,5	25
Guideline 5: Procedures that facilitate access	19,5	25
Guideline 3: Access Promotion Measures	19	25
Guideline 2: Obligation to Publish	16	25
Guideline 6: Costs of Access to Information	15	25
Guideline 7: Work Routines	0,5	25
Guideline 8: Legal Aspect of Access to Information	13	25
Guideline 9: Protection of Complaint	1,5	25

Guideline	Country/Score
Guideline	Argentina	Brazil	Chile	Paraguay	Uruguay
Guideline 1: Maximum Disclosure	5	5	5	4,5	5
Guideline 2: Obligation to Publish	4,5	4,5	3	2	2
Guideline 3: Access Promotion Measures	3	5	5	2	4
Guideline 4: Access Exceptions	4	5	5	2,5	5
Guideline 5: Procedures that facilitate access	4	4	4	4,5	3
Guideline 6: Costs of Access to Information	3	4	3	2	3
Guideline 7: Work Routines	0	0,5	0	0	0
Guideline 8: Legal Aspect of Access to Information	4	3	2	1	3
Guideline 9: Protection of Complaint	0	0	0	0	1,5

Universidade Estadual de Campinas Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 421 - 1º andar Biblioteca Central César Lattes - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - CEP: 13083-859 , Tel: +55 19 3521-6729 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rdbci@unicamp.br

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[1] Correspondence to author Thiago Gomes Eirão Universidade de Brasília Brasília, DF - Brazil. E-mail: thiagoe@gmail.com

Guideline 1 Maximum disclosure
Indicator	Scoring
1.1 Statement of disclosure as a principle in law.	0-1
1.2 Website for the dissemination of the law.	0-1
1.3 Definition of the type of information to be made available.	0-1
1.4 Statement of availability regardless of the information medium.	0-1
1.5 Statement of governing bodies.	0-1