In this article we intend to demonstrate the commitment of the State to the conquest of indigenous rights to health from cross-cutting scans throughout the 20th and 21st centuries and from the group analysis of indigenous health organizations in three historical contexts: i) Indian Protection Service - SPI in 1910, after the Proclamation of the Republic; ii) National Indian Foundation - Funai in 1968, after the Military Coup; and, iii) Department of Indigenous Health - Sesai in 2010, after the Brazilian Federal Constitution. In a reflection on the social thinking of Darcy Ribeiro's “nobody”, we found the non-indigenous participation in the construction of Brazilian nationality under the influence of positivist ideas of assimilation present in the creation of the SPI and integration of FUNAI, still embedded in the conscience of Brazilians. Emancipatory constitutional rights in the recommendation of interculturality in the National Health Care Policy of Indigenous Peoples presented advances and setbacks in recent decades in SESAI, under federal management of the Ministry of Health since 2002.
Keywords:
Indigenous Health Public Policy; “Nobody”; Brazilian Social Thinking; Darcy Ribeiro.