A governança colaborativa na implantação e manutenção de parques eólicos no estado do Ceará

Moreira, Roseilda Nunes; Teixeira, Roberto Ney Ciarlini

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Sumário

Original Article • Rev. Adm. UFSM 17 (spe1) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465974373 copiar

A governança colaborativa na implantação e manutenção de parques eólicos no estado do Ceará

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Objetivo:

Analisar como a Governança Colaborativa [GC] se manifesta na implantação e manutenção de parques eólicos, sob o olhar da comunidade.

Design/metodologia/abordagem:

Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, sendo o objeto de pesquisa as “comunidades locais” das cidades de Icaraí de Amontada, Trairi, São Gonçalo do Amarante, no Ceará, em empreendimentos de energia eólica”. Para a análise e interpretação das entrevistas em profundidade, optou-se pela Análise de Conteúdo com suporte do Atlas ti.

Resultados:

Os resultados evidenciam que a distribuição de energia precisa ser vista como um bem coletivo e o relacionamento entre empresa e comunidade deve ser fundamentado na GC, onde os atores públicos e privados trabalhem de maneira coletiva e colaborativa, além da necessidade de haver a Licença Social para Operar [LSO] de empreendimentos que impactam a vida em comunidade sendo fruto dessa governança. Constata-se que o fórum para discussão do processo de colaboração entre empresas proprietárias de parques eólicos e comunidade normalmente era iniciado pela prefeitura. Nas condições iniciais do processo colaborativo percebe-se uma confiança no início da implantação dos parques eólicos que não se mantém na manutenção. Evidencia-se ainda, a relevância da comunicação dialogada face a face, por estar em jogo o recurso mais importante da comunidade e fonte geradora de renda: a terra.

Originalidade/valor:

Esta pesquisa se destaca pela contribuição e ineditismo em explorar os construtos teóricos acerca da Governança Colaborativa e sua prática na construção de relacionamentos entre empresa e comunidade em parques eólicos sob o olhar da comunidade.

Palavras-chave:
Colaboração; Confiança; Comunidade; Governança colaborativa

Interview	Municipality	Occupation	Age	Education	Belongs to the Residents’ Association
E1	Icaraí de Amontada	Merchant	37 years old	High school	no
E2	Icaraí de Amontada	School coordinator	32 years old	Postgraduate	no
E3	Icaraí de Amontada	Student	22 years old	Incomplete University Education	no
E4	Icaraí de Amontada	Merchant	36 years old	Fundamental	no
E5	Icaraí de Amontada	Professor	33 years old	Postgraduate studies	no
E6	Icaraí de Amontada	Professor	32 years old	Graduation	no
E7	Icaraí de Amontada	Professor	26 years old	Graduation	no
E8	Icaraí de Amontada	Farmer	51 years old	High school	yes
E9	Trairi	School coordinator	46 years old	Postgraduate studies	no
E10	Trairi	Hotel chambermaid	35 years old	High school	no
E11	Trairi	School Coord.	44 years old	Postgraduate studies	no
E12	Trairi	Professor	41 years old	graduation	yes
E13	São Gonçalo	School coordinator	42 years old	Postgraduate studies	no
E14	São Gonçalo	ONG Coordination	43 years old	Postgraduate	yes
E15	Trairi	Professor	Not informed	Graduation	no
E16	Trairi	Professor	32 years old	Graduation	no
E17	Trairi	Wind farm guard	35 years old	High school	no
E18	Trairi	Merchant	40 years	High school	no
E19	Trairi	Professor	Not informed	Graduation	yes

SCT	Text Segments
Conditions Initials	1:13 [...] because in the beginning the whole community trusted what the company said. 12.13 If you don’t want to be questioned and start a fight, you have to respect these people, because today they have access to this information. 16.1 The company had a broken relationship with the people here in Flexeiras. 19:7 [...] natives knocked down their towers, there was conflict, police came, there were almost deaths. 20:2 The only thing I know is that I took part in a movement there, closing the street, because they had promised to pave it and they didn’t do it. 15:1 There was a community movement, a protest, they went to the dunes with posters, they formed movements in the square, they went to the forum. There was a lot of conflict.
Collaborative Design	1.15 The conversation was much more through the town hall. The town hall used to send someone to talk to us when there was a meeting. 13:22 When there were meetings, someone from the town hall would speak and then the company, but it was all very quick. Things weren’t very clear. It should be a forum with multiple voices, everyone being heard. [...] There need to be discussion forums in which the government, the company and representatives of the residents take part. The whole society should be heard. [...] There must be transparency in the processes, making the beginning, middle and end clear. There must be channels for dialog and not just channels for information. And this way everything is resolved. 14:15 One should start, whether it’s the town hall, a company or even the community, but normally the town hall should lead the meeting, as it represents the rights of the people. The residents’ association is also a good place to ask people to collaborate.
Facilitative Leadership	1:41 Such a business should be better thought out by the rulers {...]. 2:20 They came with the education department, it was a joint action between the company and the town hall [...]. The town hall should take the lead in promoting dialog between the company and the community. Create forums to discuss problems and needs. 5:21 There should be a conversation from man to man, in other words, from people of the land to people of the land, and the bodies and the town hall should be the ones to do this, they are the people of our city. Perhaps this conversation could take place with the association, they participate a lot. [...] We trust the residents’ association, the companies should work more closely with them. 8:15 There has to be leadership from someone, if there isn’t from the town hall there has to be from the people. After all, our lives and our land are at stake. 11:2 We had already foreseen this beforehand, because our association is very active and we already knew what would happen when the parks were set up. 16:5 The town hall was supposed to be on the side of the people, we elected the town hall, but they don’t go to the people who have the power, the money. 14:17 [...] there should be a more participatory management of the town hall, there should be greater closeness, with more channels of listening and participation for the people of the community.
Collaborative Process	1:17[...] the community had to be consulted, it had to take part in choosing the site. [...] there should be meetings with the participation of the people, the schools, the town hall, the residents’ association, the fishermen and the company, everyone talking [...], a different kind of installation. Last year, the company sent a team to listen to the community, so that we could assess the company’s performance and their wishes. What happened was that the community came, people complained and the company agreed to come a second time [...]. 3:13 [...] the best thing would have been if we had participated, if they had hired or called people from our community to tell us what we needed and what could be done to improve our lives a little. Today the community sees that they should participate more directly. 5:29 Both the company and the community can have the common goal of living well together, collaborating, living in harmony and helping each other. 8:6 After the company was set up, an engineer came at the time [...], came to communicate and get to know the community. She asked us to help with the installation and we asked her too. At the time, we suggested a bread factory, but she said it would be too expensive, so she said there was no way. She said she’d leave something in place, but little things that weren’t too expensive. The community school was given uniforms by the company at the time. 13.38 People need to feel part of the construction process to be willing to collaborate, they need to trust the company, but this will only happen if the process is done differently from what has happened. 14:13 Here we have the feeling that we can collaborate with the companies, we’re used to going to meetings, debating, explaining our needs, we feel like we’re participating, but that’s not the case with the companies that are part of the port of Pecém. There is a predisposition in our community to participate, to collaborate [...]. 19:25 I think there should be hearings, not just one, but several hearings, to really discuss it with the community to see what kind of impact it’s going to have, where it’s going to be installed.

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E-mail: rea@ufsm.br

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