Determining factors for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Brazilians: a study using structural equation modeling

Camargo, Emerson Lucas Silva; Sousa, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de; Reis, Anderson Sousa dos; Fortunato, Mariana dos Reis; Gouveia, Isaias dos Santos; Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa; Ventura, Carla Aparecida Arena

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0112

Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo Corresponding author Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, E-mail: lucmrg0@gmail.com

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-5193

Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Instituto Sírio-Libanês de Ensino e Pesquisa. São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

University Lisbon, Public Health Research Center, Comprehensive Health Research Center. Cidade Universitária, Alameda da Universidade Lisbon, Potugal

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-2122

Anderson Sousa dos Reis

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-4658

Mariana dos Reis Fortunato

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro. Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6767-3561

Isaias dos Santos Gouveia

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade de Ribeirão Preto. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3303-5417

Isabel Amelia Costa Mendes

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-4319

Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura

conception or design of the study/research

analysis and/or interpretation of data

final review with critical

intellectual participation in the manuscript

Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-913X

Corresponding author
Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, E-mail: lucmrg0@gmail.com

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Dulce Barbosa

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

Mitzy Danski

Variable	n	%
Age Range
18 to 29 years old	1577	36.8
30 to 49 years old	1947	45.4
50 or older	767	17.9
Marital Status
In a relationship	2766	64.5
Single	1525	35.5
Gender
Male	1056	24.6
Female	3209	74.8
Non-binary	18	0.4
I don’t use a specific term	8	0.2
Education
Elementary and High School	804	18.8
College	1295	30.3
Postgraduate, Master’s or Doctorate	2172	50.9
Religion
No	1339	31.2
Yes	2952	68.8
Agreement with the need for social distancing/quarantine
Completely disagree	12	0.3
Disagree	56	1.3
Neither agree nor disagree	64	1.5
Agree	914	21.3
Completely agree	3245	75.6
Agreement with the strategies adopted by your local government to face the pandemic?
Completely disagree	385	9
Disagree	1079	25.1
Neither agree nor disagree	236	5.5
Agree	1810	42.2
Completely agree	781	18.2
Fear of the consequences of the pandemic
No	326	7.7
Yes	3917	92.3
Are you in social isolation due to COVID-19?
No	386	9
Partial isolation	1577	36.8
Total isolation	2328	54.3
How long have you been in social isolation?
I’m not in isolation	417	9.7
60 days or less	949	22.1
Between 61 and 90 days	578	13.5
More than 90 days	2347	54.7
Do you believe that COVID-19 has an impact on your life?
Little impact	418	9.7
Medium impact	1445	33.7
High impact	2348	54.7
I can’t answer	80	1.9

Lhs	op	Rhs	est.std	Se	z	ci.lower	ci.upper
CIR	=~	Bars	0,42	0,01	22,60	0,38	0,45
CIR	=~	Disinfectants	0,39	0,01	20,97	0,36	0,43
CIR	=~	Hygiene	0,26	0,02	12,20	0,22	0,30
CIR	=~	Travel	0,51	0,01	29,96	0,47	0,54
CIR	=~	Remote work	0,46	0,01	28,02	0,43	0,50
CIR	=~	Supply	0,37	0,01	26,79	0,35	0,40
CIR	=~	Social isolation	0,47	0,01	25,07	0,43	0,51
CIR	=~	Masks	0,07	0,02	2,70	0,020	0,12
CB	=~	Chinese	0,73	0,00	80,23	0,71	0,75
CB	=~	Reduced isolation	0,41	0,01	27,36	0,38	0,45
CB	=~	Asymptomatic	0,32	0,01	19,301	0,29	0,35
CB	=~	Pharmaceutical	0,85	0,00	112,00	0,84	0,87
GB	=~	Hibiscus tea	0,74	0,00	86,23	0,72	0,76
GB	=~	Alcohol	0,40	0,01	25,87	0,37	0,43
GB	=~	Toxic alcohol	0,54	0,01	42,06	0,51	0,56
GB	=~	Ingestion	0,82	0,00	114,82	0,81	0,84
GB	=~	Vinegar	0,77	0,00	86,90	0,75	0,78
GB	=~	Autohemotherapy	0,56	0,01	47,39	0,54	0,59
GB	=~	Eating garlic	0,82	0,00	110,35	0,80	0,83
GB	=~	High temperature	0,63	0,01	57,50	0,61	0,66
GB	=~	Drinking water	0,81	0,00	128,07	0,80	0,83

[1] Corresponding author
Emerson Lucas Silva Camargo, E-mail: lucmrg0@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Determining factors for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Brazilians: a study using structural equation modeling

Fatores determinantes para à hesitação vacinal contra a COVID-19 em brasileiros: estudo utilizando modelagem de equações estruturais

Factores determinantes de la vacilación ante la vacuna COVID-19 entre los brasileños: un estudio utilizando modelado de ecuaciones estructurales

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusions: