Children with congenital heart disease in COVID-19 pandemic times: an integrative review

Silva, Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da; Góes, Fernanda Garcia Bezerra; Silva, Liliane Faria da; Silva, Laura Johanson da; Bonifácio, Michelly Cristynne Souza; Coelho, Yasminn Canella Cabral Banjar

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1033

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1033 copy

Children with congenital heart disease in COVID-19 pandemic times: an integrative review

Niño con cardiopatía congénita en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión integradora

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify the scientific production in health about children with congenital heart disease in COVID-19 pandemic times.

Method:

this is an integrative review, carried out in June 2020 in the information resources Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online Journal Portal (SciELO) and Brazilian Institute of Information Science and Technology (Oasis Ibict).

Results:

14 studies composed this review. Most studies pointed to tests, interventional procedures and surgery for children with heart disease in pandemic times; others discussed possible complications of COVID-19 among children with congenital heart disease.

Conclusion:

the incipient production of studies and the weak level of evidence denote an important knowledge gap so far, highlighting the need for studies with strong scientific evidence for the formulation of care guidelines aimed at children with heart disease.

Descriptors:
Child Health; Child; Congenital Heart Diseases; Coronavirus Infections; Pandemic

Database

Descriptors (crossings)

VHL regional portal
(LILACS,
MEDLINE)
PubMed
SciELO
Oasis Ibict

"crianças" OR "crianças" OR "infantil" OR "infantis" OR infância" OR "infâncias" OR "recém-nascido" OR "recém-nascido" OR "recém-nascidos" OR "recém nascidos" OR "recém-nascida" OR "recém nascida" OR "recém-nascidas" OR "recém nascidas" OR "neonato" OR "neonatos" OR "crianças institucionalizada" OR "niño" OR "niños" OR "recién nacido" OR "niño institucionalizado" OR "child" OR "children" OR "childish" OR "childhood" OR "newborn" OR "newborns" OR "neonate" OR "neonates" OR "infant newborn" OR "infants newborn" OR "newborn infant" OR "newborn infants" OR "institutionalized child" OR "children institutionalized" OR "institutionalized children" AND "cardiopatia congênita" OR "cardiopatias congênita" OR "doença cardíaca congênita" OR "doenças cardíacas congênitas" OR "malformação cardiovascular" OR "malformações cardiovasculares" OR "defeito cardiovascular congênito" OR "defeitos cardiovasculares congênitos" OR "anormalidade cardíaca" OR "anormalidades cardíacas" OR "cardiopatia congenica" OR "cardiopatía congénita" OR "cardiopatías congénitas" OR "malformación cardiovascular" OR "malformaciones cardiovasculares" OR "defecto cardiovascular congénito" OR "defectos cardiovasculares congénitos" OR "anormalidad cardiaca" OR "anomalías cardíacas" OR "congenic cardiopatics" OR "congenital heart desiases" OR "cardiovascular malformation" OR "cardiovascular malformations" OR "congenital cardiovascular defects" OR "congenital cardiovascular defect" OR "cardiac abnormality" OR "cardiac abnormalities" OR "heart defects congenital" OR "congenital heart defect" OR "defect congenital heart" OR "heart malformation of" OR "defects congenital heart" OR "heart abnormalities" OR "heart defect congenital" OR "abnormality heart" OR "abnormalities heart" OR "heart abnormality" OR "congenital heart defects" AND "COVID-19" OR "covid-19" OR "covid" OR "coronavírus" OR "coronavirus" OR "infección por coronavirus" OR "infecciones por coronavirus" OR "coronavirus infections" OR "coronavirus infection" OR "infection from coronavirus" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "sars-cov-2".

Code	Title	Journal/Year/Authors	Objective	Study design	Level of evidence
S1⁽¹⁶16 Morray BH, Gordon BM, Crystal MA, Goldstein BH, Qureshi AM, Torres AJ, et al. Resource Allocation and Decision Making for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Catheterization During the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A U.S. Multi-Institutional Perspective. J Invasive Cardiol[Internet] 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 29];32(5):E103-E109. Available from: https://www.invasivecardiology.com/sites/invasivecardiology.com/files/articles/images/E103-E109%20Morray%20JIC%202020%20May%20wm.pdf https://www.invasivecardiology.com/sites... ⁾	Resource Allocation and Decision Making for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Catheterization During the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A U.S. Multi-Institutional Perspective	The Journal Invasive Cardiology 2020 Morray BH, Gordon BM, Crystal MA, Goldstein BH, Qureshi AM, et al.	Describe current standards and make recommendations on resource allocation for cardiac catheterization during the COVID-19 pandemic.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S2⁽¹⁷17 Sirico D, Castaldi B, Ciliberti P, Sabatino J, Cazzoli I, Secinaro A, et al. Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology. Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2020;21(7):467-71. https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0000000000000990 https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.000000000000... ⁾	Cardiac imaging in congenital heart disease during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: recommendations from the Working Group on Congenital Heart Disease of the Italian Society of Cardiology	Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine 2020 Sirico D, Castaldi B, Ciliberti P, Sabatino J, Cazzoli I et al.	Manage the challenges faced in different imaging modalities for children with CHD during the pandemic.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S3⁽¹⁸18 Farooqi KM, Ghoshhajra BB, Shah AM, Chelliah A, Einstein AJ, Hlavacek A, et al. Recommendations for risk stratified use of cardiac computed tomography for congenital heart disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2020;9:S1934-5925(20)30176-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.0... ⁾	Recommendations for risk stratified use of cardiac computed tomography for congenital heart disease during the COVID-19 pandemic	Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 2020 Farooqi KM, Ghoshhajra BB, Shah AM, Chelliah A, Einstein AJ, Hlavacek A, Han BK.	Describe strategies for performing computed tomography in children with CHD in pandemic times.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S4⁽¹⁹19 Barker PCA, Lewin MB, Donofrio MT, Altman CA, Ensing GJ, Arya B, et al. Specific Considerations for Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Council on Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Supplement to the Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the Society of Pediatric Echocardiography and the Fetal Heart Society. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2020;33(6):658-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2020.04.0... ⁾	Specific Considerations for Pediatric, Fetal, and Congenital Heart Disease Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Council on Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Supplement to the Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography: Endorsed by the Society of Pediatric Echocardiography and the Fetal Heart Society	Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2020 Barker PCA, Lewin MB, Donofrio MT, Altman CA, Ensing GJ, et al.	Present recommendations for performing echocardiography, fetal echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S5⁽²⁰20 Kumar S, Haqqani H, Wynn G, Pathak RK, Lipton J, Mahajan R, et al. Position Statement on the Management of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Document. Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Heart Rhythm Council COVID-19 Pandemic Working Group. Heart Lung Circ. 2020;29(6):e57-e68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2020.04.00... ⁾	Position Statement on the Management of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Document	Heart Lung 2020 Kumar S, Haqqani H, Wynn G, Pathak RK, Lipton J et al.	Report practical recommendations for electrophysiology services and implantable cardiac electronic devices.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S6⁽²¹21 Stephens EH, Dearani JA, Guleserian KJ, Overman DM, Tweddell JS, Backer CL, et al. COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020;14:S0003-4975(20)30540-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.04.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.202... ⁾	COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery	Ann Thorac Surg 2020 Stephens EH, Dearani JA, Guleserian KJ, Overman DM, Tweddell JS.	Provide guidance for decision-making regarding care in congenital heart surgery during the pandemic.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S7⁽²²22 Faraoni D, Caplan LA, DiNardo JA, Guzzetta NA, Miller-Hance WC, Latham G, et al. Considerations for Pediatric Heart Programs during Coronavirus Disease 2019: recommendations from the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(2):403-409. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005015 https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.000000000000... ⁾	Considerations for Pediatric Heart Programs during Coronavirus Disease 2019: Recommendations from the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society	Anesth Analg 2020 Faraoni D, Caplan LA, DiNardo JA, Guzzetta NA, Miller-Hance WC, Latham G, et al.	Present recommendations for cardiology services for the care of patients with CHD in front of COVID-19.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S8⁽²³23 Levy E, Blumenthal J, Chiotos K, Dearani JA. COVID-19 FAQ's in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2020;11(4):485-7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120924653 https://doi.org/10.1177/2150135120924653... ⁾	COVID-19 FAQ's in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery	World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery 2020 Levy E, Blumenthal J, Chiotos K, DearaniJÁ^.	Recommendations about the ideal time for surgical intervention in children with CHD in face of COVID-19.	Consensus among experts	Level VII
S9⁽²⁴24 Salik I, Mehta B. Tetralogy of Fallot palliation in a COVID-19 positive neonate. J Clin Anesth. 2020;66:109914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109914 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.... ⁾	Tetralogy of Fallot palliation in a COVID-19 positive neonate	Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 2020 Salik I, Mehta B.	Present the case of a newborn with Tetralogy of Fallot, submitted to surgery, considered positive for COVID-19.	Case study	Level VI
S10⁽²⁵25 Sabatino J, Ferrero P, Chessa M, Bianco F, Ciliberti P, Secinaro A, et al. COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: results from a Nationwide Survey. J Clin Med. 2020;9(6):E1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061774 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9061774... ⁾	COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: Results from a Nationwide Survey	Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020 Sabatino J, Ferrero P, Chessa M, Bianco F, Ciliberti P, et al.	Evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with CHD in hospitals in Italy against COVID-19.	Multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study	Level IV
S11⁽²⁶26 Sanna G, Serrau G, Bassareo PP, Neroni P, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. Children's heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179(7):1079-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03699-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03699... ⁾	Children's heart and COVID-19: Up-to-date evidence in the form of a systematic review	European Journal of Pediatric 2020 Sanna G, Serrau G, Bassareo PP, Neroni P, Fanos V, Marcialis MA.	Summarize cases of COVID-19 with cardiac involvement in pediatric age.	Systematic review	Level I
S12⁽²⁷27 Alsaied T, Aboulhosn JA, Cotts TB, Daniels CJ, Etheridge SP, Feltes TF, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(12):e017224. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.017224 https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.017224... ⁾	Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Implications in Pediatric and Adults Congenital Heart Disease	Journal of the American Heart Association 2020 Alsaied T, Aboulhosn JA, Cotts TB, Daniels CJ, Etheridge SP, et al.	Describe the effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric and young adult population with underlying cardiovascular involvement.	Review study	Level V
S13⁽²⁸28 Tan W, Aboulhosn J. The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol. 2020; 309:70-7. htpp://doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.063. htpp://doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.063... ⁾	The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease	International Journal of Cardiology 2020 Tan W, Aboulhosn J.	Suggest a risk classification for patients with CHD with potential implications and risk for COVID-19.	Review study	Level VII
S14⁽²⁹29 Russell MR, Halnon NJ, Alejos JC, Salem MM, Reardon LC. COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of donor-specific antibodies. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2020:S1053-2498(20)31532-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.04... ⁾	COVID-19 in a pediatric heart transplant recipient: Emergence of donor-specific antibodies	The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplatation 2020 Russell MR, Halmon NJ, Alejos JC, Salem MM, Reardon LC^.	Report the case of a child who tested positive for COVID-19 after heart transplantation.	Case study	Level VI

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[1] Corresponding author: Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da Silva. E-mail: alinecer204@gmail.com