Nursing in Brazil: socioeconomic analysis with a focus on the racial composition

Marinho, Gerson Luiz; Oliveira, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de; Cunha, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo; Tavares, Felipe Guimarães; Paz, Elisabete Pimenta Araújo

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1370

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1370 copy

Nursing in Brazil: socioeconomic analysis with a focus on the racial composition

Enfermería en Brasil: análisis socioeconómicas con enfoque en la composición racial

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics of nurses and nursing technicians living in Brazil according to color/race.

Methods:

based on the 2010 Demographic Census sample, 62,451 nursing professionals (nurses and technicians) living in Brazil were selected. Differences in monthly income were estimated by multivariate models, stratified by color or race groups (white, brown, and black).

Results:

the majority were technicians (61.9%) of white color (54.3%). The income of white nurses exceeded that of brown and black nurses by more than a quarter; among technicians, white professionals had an income approximately 11% higher than brown and black nurses.

Conclusions:

differences between incomes of nursing workers were associated with ethnic/racial background, revealing situations in which white professionals systematically presented more favorable job and income conditions than black and brown professionals.

Descriptors:
Nursing Staff; Socioeconomic Factors; Racial Factors; Occupational Groups; Censuses

	Nurses by color or race
	White (n = 14,431)		Brown (n = 6,586)		Black (n = 1,539)		Total (N = 22,556)
	%	(IC95%)	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Gender
Male	14.8	(14.1-15.6)	15.3	14.2-16.4	16.6	14.3-19.3	15.1	14.5-15.7
Female	85.2	(84.4-85.9)	84.7	83.6-85.8	83.6	80.7-85.7	84.9	84.3-85.5
Age Group
21 to 29	33.3	(32.3-34.3)	30.9	29.5-32.4	22.5	19.9-25.3	31.7	30.9-32.5
30 to 39	32.9	(31.9-33.9)	34.8	33.3-36.4	33.6	30.5-36.9	33.5	32.7-34.3
40 to 49	20.7	(19.8-21.6)	21.5	20.2-22.8	24.6	21.8-27.6	21.2	20.5-22.0
50 to 59	10.8	(10.2-11.6)	10.2	9.2-11.2	15.7	13.4-18.4	11.0	10.5-11.6
≥ 60	2.3	(2.0-2.7)	2.6	2.1-3.3	3.6	2.5-5.0	2.5	2.2-2.8
Marital Status
Married	41.9	40.8-43.0	39.2	37.6-40.8	38.7	35.4-42.0	40.9	40.0-41.7
Single	46.1	45.1-47.2	49.7	48.1-51.3	48.2	44.9-51.6	47.3	46.5-48.2
Separated/Divorced	9.9	9.2-10.6	9.0	8.1-9.9	10.5	8.6-12.8	9.7	9.1-10.2
Widow (er)	2.1	1.2-2.4	2.2	1.8-2.8	2.6	1.8-3.8	2.2	1.9-2.4
Nature of the job
Private (CLT^# # CLT - Brazilian Consolidated Labor Laws (guarantee rights to workers through a document called a "work permit”); * MW - Minimum wages: On the reference date of the Census (July 31, 2010), one MW was equal to R$510.00. )	67.4	66.3-68.4	60.6	59.1-62.1	65.8	62.5-68.9	65.3	64.4-66.1
Public	20.5	19.7-21.4	23.4	22.1-24.8	22.7	20.0-25.7	21.6	20.9-22.3
Others (não CLT)	12.1	11.4-12.8	16.0	14.9-17.1	11.5	9.5-13.8	13.2	12.6-13.8
Nº of jobs
One	82.3	81.4-83.2	81.5	80.1-82.7	79.3	76.5-82.0	81.8	81.1-82.5
Two	17.7	16.8-18.6	18.5	17.3-19.9	20.7	18.0-23.6	18.2	17.5-18.9
Income Ranges (MW*)
< 2 MW	22.7	21.9-23.6	30.5	29.1-31.9	31.9	29.0-35.0	25.7	25.0-26.5
≥ 2 and < 5 MW	43.4	42.3-44.5	42.3	40.7-43.9	43.0	39.7-46.4	43.0	42.2-43.9
≥ 5 MW	33.9	32.8-35.0	27.2	25.8-28.8	25.0	22.2-28.2	31.2	30.4-32.1

	Nursing technicians (color or race)
	White (n = 20,566)		Brown (n = 15,324)		Black (n = 4,005)		Total (N = 39,895)
	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Gender
Male	15.2	14.6-15.9	14.9	14.1-15.5	14.7	13.2-16.1	15.0	14.5-15.4
Female	84.8	84.1-85.4	85.1	84.5-85.9	85.3	83.9-86.8	85.0	84.6-85.5
Age Group (years)
21 to 29	29.5	28.7-30.3	25.4	24.5-26.3	21.6	19.9-23.4	26.9	26.4-27.5
30 to 39	33.5	32.7-34.4	36.4	35.4-37.4	35.9	33.9-37.9	34.9	34.3-35.5
40 to 49	24.2	23.4-25.0	25.5	24.6-26.4	26.7	24.9-28.6	25.0	24.4-25.6
50 to 59	11.0	10.4-11.6	10.9	10.3-11.6	13.2	11.6-14.7	11.2	10.8-11.7
≥ 60	1.8	1.5-2.1	1.9	1.6-2.2	2.6	2.0-3.4	1.9	1.7-2.1
Marital Status
Married	43.4	42.5-44.3	42.2	41.2-43.2	37.8	35.7-39.8	42.3	41.6-42.9
Single	42.4	41.5-43.2	45.8	44.7-46.8	51.1	49.0-53.2	44.7	44.1-45.4
Separated/divorced	11.9	11.3-12.5	9.4	8.8-10.0	8.9	7.8-10.2	10.5	10.2-10.9
Widow (er)	2.4	2.1-2.6	2.7	2.4-3.1	2.2	1.7-2.9	2.5	2.3-2.7
Nature of the job
Private (CLT^# # CLT - Brazilian Consolidated Labor Laws (guarantee rights to workers through a document called a "work permit”); * MW - Minimum wages: On the reference date of the Census (July 31, 2010), one MW was equal to R$510.00. )	69.9	69.1-70.7	60.3	59.3-61.2	66.5	64.5-68.4	65.7	65.1-66.3
Public	18.5	17.8-19.2	24.1	23.3-25.0	17.8	16.3-19.4	20.6	20.1-21.1
Others (not CLT)	11.6	11.0-12.2	15.7	14.9-16.4	15.7	14.2-17.4	13.7	13.2-14.1
Number of jobs
One	86.0	85.4-86.7	84.5	83.7-85.3	83.7	82.1-85.2	85.2	84.7-85.6
Two	14.0	13.4-14.6	15.5	14.7-16.3	16.3	14.8-18.0	14.8	14.4-15.3
Income Ranges (MW*)
< 2 MW	47.6	46.7-48.5	54.7	53.7-55.7	52.1	49.9-54.2	50.9	50.3-51.5
≥ 2 and < 5 MW	42.6	41.7-43.5	37.2	36.1-38.2	39.5	37.5-41.7	40.1	39.5-40.7
≥ 5 MW	9.8	9.2-10.4	8.2	7.5-8.8	8.4	7.2-9.7	9.0	8.6-9.4

		Gross Estimate		Adjusted estimate^* * Estimates generated by multivariate linear regression models adjusted for gender, age group in years, marital status, geographic region, number of jobs, and nature of the job (public, private, or other).
		%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Nurses (n = 22,556)	Brown vs. White	-23.1	(-25.1;-21.0)	-23.1	(-25.6;-20.6)
	Black vs. White	-28.3	(-31.4;-25.2)	-28.4	(-32.1;-24.6)
Nursing Technicians (n = 39,895)	Brown vs. White	-21.0	(-22.0;-18.9)	-12.8	(-14.3;-11.3)
	Black vs. White	-17.0	(-19.6;-14.3)	-11.6	(-13.7; 9.3)
Total (N = 60,936)	Brown vs. White	-25.8	(-27.0;-24.0)	-21.5	(-22.7;-20.3)
	Black vs. White	-25.7	(-27.8;-23.0)	-23.4	(-25.1;-21.7)

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[1] Corresponding author: Gerson Luiz Marinho E-mail: gersonmarinho@gmail.com