Enfermería en Brasil: análisis socioeconómicas con enfoque en la composición racial

Marinho, Gerson Luiz; Oliveira, Bruno Luciano Carneiro Alves de; Cunha, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo; Tavares, Felipe Guimarães; Paz, Elisabete Pimenta Araújo

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1370 copiar

Enfermería en Brasil: análisis socioeconómicas con enfoque en la composición racial

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

analizar características socioeconómicas de enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería residentes en Brasil segundo color/raza.

Métodos:

con base en la muestra del Censo Demográfico 2010, fueron seleccionados 62.451 profesionales de enfermería (enfermeros y técnicos) residentes en Brasil. Diferencias de la renta mensual fueron estimadas por modelos multivariados, estratificados por grupos de color o raza (blanca, mestiza y negra).

Resultados:

la mayoría eran técnicos (61,9%) de color blanca (54,3%). La renta de enfermeros blancos superó en más de ¼ a de los mestizos y negros; entre los técnicos, blancos tenían renta aproximadamente 11% mayor que la de mestizos y negros.

Conclusiones:

diferencias entre rendimientos de los trabajadores de la enfermería estaban relacionadas al pertenecer étnico-racial, revelando situaciones en las cuales profesionales de color/raza blanca presentaron, sistemáticamente, condiciones más favorables de trabajo y renta, en relación a los negros y mestizos.

Descriptores:
Personal de Enfermería; Factores Socioeconómicos; Factores Raciales; Grupos Profesionales; Censos

	Nurses by color or race
	White (n = 14,431)		Brown (n = 6,586)		Black (n = 1,539)		Total (N = 22,556)
	%	(IC95%)	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Gender
Male	14.8	(14.1-15.6)	15.3	14.2-16.4	16.6	14.3-19.3	15.1	14.5-15.7
Female	85.2	(84.4-85.9)	84.7	83.6-85.8	83.6	80.7-85.7	84.9	84.3-85.5
Age Group
21 to 29	33.3	(32.3-34.3)	30.9	29.5-32.4	22.5	19.9-25.3	31.7	30.9-32.5
30 to 39	32.9	(31.9-33.9)	34.8	33.3-36.4	33.6	30.5-36.9	33.5	32.7-34.3
40 to 49	20.7	(19.8-21.6)	21.5	20.2-22.8	24.6	21.8-27.6	21.2	20.5-22.0
50 to 59	10.8	(10.2-11.6)	10.2	9.2-11.2	15.7	13.4-18.4	11.0	10.5-11.6
≥ 60	2.3	(2.0-2.7)	2.6	2.1-3.3	3.6	2.5-5.0	2.5	2.2-2.8
Marital Status
Married	41.9	40.8-43.0	39.2	37.6-40.8	38.7	35.4-42.0	40.9	40.0-41.7
Single	46.1	45.1-47.2	49.7	48.1-51.3	48.2	44.9-51.6	47.3	46.5-48.2
Separated/Divorced	9.9	9.2-10.6	9.0	8.1-9.9	10.5	8.6-12.8	9.7	9.1-10.2
Widow (er)	2.1	1.2-2.4	2.2	1.8-2.8	2.6	1.8-3.8	2.2	1.9-2.4
Nature of the job
Private (CLT^# # CLT - Brazilian Consolidated Labor Laws (guarantee rights to workers through a document called a "work permit”); * MW - Minimum wages: On the reference date of the Census (July 31, 2010), one MW was equal to R$510.00. )	67.4	66.3-68.4	60.6	59.1-62.1	65.8	62.5-68.9	65.3	64.4-66.1
Public	20.5	19.7-21.4	23.4	22.1-24.8	22.7	20.0-25.7	21.6	20.9-22.3
Others (não CLT)	12.1	11.4-12.8	16.0	14.9-17.1	11.5	9.5-13.8	13.2	12.6-13.8
Nº of jobs
One	82.3	81.4-83.2	81.5	80.1-82.7	79.3	76.5-82.0	81.8	81.1-82.5
Two	17.7	16.8-18.6	18.5	17.3-19.9	20.7	18.0-23.6	18.2	17.5-18.9
Income Ranges (MW*)
< 2 MW	22.7	21.9-23.6	30.5	29.1-31.9	31.9	29.0-35.0	25.7	25.0-26.5
≥ 2 and < 5 MW	43.4	42.3-44.5	42.3	40.7-43.9	43.0	39.7-46.4	43.0	42.2-43.9
≥ 5 MW	33.9	32.8-35.0	27.2	25.8-28.8	25.0	22.2-28.2	31.2	30.4-32.1

	Nursing technicians (color or race)
	White (n = 20,566)		Brown (n = 15,324)		Black (n = 4,005)		Total (N = 39,895)
	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Gender
Male	15.2	14.6-15.9	14.9	14.1-15.5	14.7	13.2-16.1	15.0	14.5-15.4
Female	84.8	84.1-85.4	85.1	84.5-85.9	85.3	83.9-86.8	85.0	84.6-85.5
Age Group (years)
21 to 29	29.5	28.7-30.3	25.4	24.5-26.3	21.6	19.9-23.4	26.9	26.4-27.5
30 to 39	33.5	32.7-34.4	36.4	35.4-37.4	35.9	33.9-37.9	34.9	34.3-35.5
40 to 49	24.2	23.4-25.0	25.5	24.6-26.4	26.7	24.9-28.6	25.0	24.4-25.6
50 to 59	11.0	10.4-11.6	10.9	10.3-11.6	13.2	11.6-14.7	11.2	10.8-11.7
≥ 60	1.8	1.5-2.1	1.9	1.6-2.2	2.6	2.0-3.4	1.9	1.7-2.1
Marital Status
Married	43.4	42.5-44.3	42.2	41.2-43.2	37.8	35.7-39.8	42.3	41.6-42.9
Single	42.4	41.5-43.2	45.8	44.7-46.8	51.1	49.0-53.2	44.7	44.1-45.4
Separated/divorced	11.9	11.3-12.5	9.4	8.8-10.0	8.9	7.8-10.2	10.5	10.2-10.9
Widow (er)	2.4	2.1-2.6	2.7	2.4-3.1	2.2	1.7-2.9	2.5	2.3-2.7
Nature of the job
Private (CLT^# # CLT - Brazilian Consolidated Labor Laws (guarantee rights to workers through a document called a "work permit”); * MW - Minimum wages: On the reference date of the Census (July 31, 2010), one MW was equal to R$510.00. )	69.9	69.1-70.7	60.3	59.3-61.2	66.5	64.5-68.4	65.7	65.1-66.3
Public	18.5	17.8-19.2	24.1	23.3-25.0	17.8	16.3-19.4	20.6	20.1-21.1
Others (not CLT)	11.6	11.0-12.2	15.7	14.9-16.4	15.7	14.2-17.4	13.7	13.2-14.1
Number of jobs
One	86.0	85.4-86.7	84.5	83.7-85.3	83.7	82.1-85.2	85.2	84.7-85.6
Two	14.0	13.4-14.6	15.5	14.7-16.3	16.3	14.8-18.0	14.8	14.4-15.3
Income Ranges (MW*)
< 2 MW	47.6	46.7-48.5	54.7	53.7-55.7	52.1	49.9-54.2	50.9	50.3-51.5
≥ 2 and < 5 MW	42.6	41.7-43.5	37.2	36.1-38.2	39.5	37.5-41.7	40.1	39.5-40.7
≥ 5 MW	9.8	9.2-10.4	8.2	7.5-8.8	8.4	7.2-9.7	9.0	8.6-9.4

		Gross Estimate		Adjusted estimate^* * Estimates generated by multivariate linear regression models adjusted for gender, age group in years, marital status, geographic region, number of jobs, and nature of the job (public, private, or other).
		%	IC95%	%	IC95%
Nurses (n = 22,556)	Brown vs. White	-23.1	(-25.1;-21.0)	-23.1	(-25.6;-20.6)
	Black vs. White	-28.3	(-31.4;-25.2)	-28.4	(-32.1;-24.6)
Nursing Technicians (n = 39,895)	Brown vs. White	-21.0	(-22.0;-18.9)	-12.8	(-14.3;-11.3)
	Black vs. White	-17.0	(-19.6;-14.3)	-11.6	(-13.7; 9.3)
Total (N = 60,936)	Brown vs. White	-25.8	(-27.0;-24.0)	-21.5	(-22.7;-20.3)
	Black vs. White	-25.7	(-27.8;-23.0)	-23.4	(-25.1;-21.7)

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Gerson Luiz Marinho E-mail: gersonmarinho@gmail.com