Transcultural theory in nursing care of women with infections

Qualitative research, carried out in October 2017, with ten nurses working in teams of the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy). The data were collected through semi-structured interviews, subsequently transcribed, and submitted to the organization supported by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method and analyzed according to Madeleine Leininger’s transcultural theory.

Results:

Nurses identified the sociocultural aspects of women with sexually transmitted infections and recognized the presence of influencing factors: technological, religious, economic, political, and legal, kinship and social, cultural values, and lifeways.

Final Considerations:

The study found that the provision of care by nurses in Primary Health Care is close to the sociocultural aspects of these women when considering the beliefs and values of each individual, especially regarding the life context and their care experiences.

Descriptors:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Women; Nursing professionals; Nursing Theory; Transcultural Nursing

GUIDING QUESTION: DO YOU CONSIDER THE SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT FOR THE TREATMENT OF STIs? HOW DO YOU PERFORM IT?
Central Idea (CI)	Discourse of the Collective Subject	Influencing factors according to Leininger's theory
1) Effective Communication	Yes, I have to speak in a way that she can understand, particularly because of her degree of education. To speak her language, so they understand what the disease is, how it transmits.	Educational factors
2) Social and cultural interference in diagnosis	The social and cultural issue is complicated because they only seek the UBS when the disease has already spread. They seek various forms; the mother teaches a way to treat. When They're embarrassed to reach the mother, they look for a friend. Ultimately they seek the health unit. Usually, they come full of doubts or with concepts already pre-established.	Educational, kinship and social factors, cultural values and lifeways
3) Linkages in approaching the case	I've been here for a long time, so I know pretty much what the profile is. You have to know how to deal and know what to say so as not to create tension between them and among us.	Cultural values and lifeways
4) Equity and integrality in care	I work in an equally way, but a patient who is in bad condition, we try to better provide care, continue treatment, the integrality of care. If any patient needs to do a preventive examination or the unit is not available at the moment, some women can seek other services. Patients who need to wait, I try to refer to other points of assistance and facilitate access. Unfortunately, secondary care doesn't work the way it should. When in the public network it is not available unfortunately she goes to the private.	Technological, economic, political and legal factors
5) Identifying the socioenvironmental context	You have to take into account everything, the area they live in; sometimes, it does not have basic sanitation. Husbands who are drug users or drug dealers. You have to consider their entire environmental context; otherwise, you can't give assistance to them.	Kinship and social, political and legal
6) Preservation of confidentiality	In the case of teenagers, we always give her the option that the treatment is confidential. Not necessarily the 14-year-old girl needs to come with her mother because they get shy and don't tell them everything that happened, the risks [to] they have been exposed. When they come alone, they open up a little more; they are more sincere. It's a way that I thought I'd better get into this teenager's life.	Kinship and social factors
7) Religiosity versus treatment	A woman with a more conservative, more religious culture is much harder to approach. Because she already has prejudice about her own sexuality. They have resistance to treatment. They're ashamed to get the ointment or the condom in the pharmacy. I keep the female and male condom condoms here in my room, and I show you how it works.	Cultural values and lifeways and religious individuals.

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[1] Corresponding author: Edilma Gomes Rocha Cavalcante. E-mail: edilma.rocha@yahoo.com.br