La sexualidad está relacionada a la calidad de vida del anciano!

Estudio transversal conducido con 477 ancianos brasileños. Los datos recogidos entre agosto y octubre de 2020. Utilizó la Escala de Vivencias Afectivas y Sexuales del Anciano (EVASI) y el World Health Organization Quality of Life - Old (WHOQOL-OLD). El análisis de los datos fue realizado con los testes Mann-Whitney, correlación de Spearman y Kruskal-Wallis, con aplicación del post-hoc de Bonferroni cuando necesario, considerando un intervalo de confianza de 95%.

Resultados:

Hubo relación estadística entre todas las dimensiones de la sexualidad y la calidad de vida general de los ancianos (p<0,05).

Conclusión:

El estímulo a la sexualidad puede configurarse como una estrategia innovadora y holística con enfoque en la promoción de la salud y del envejecimiento activo, una vez que este estudio constató la relación entre la sexualidad y calidad de vida general de ancianos.

Descriptores:
Salud Pública; Anciano; Sexualidad; Promoción de la Salud; Calidad de Vida

Variables	n	(%)
Age group
60-64 years	225	47.2
65-69 years	136	28.5
70-74 years	85	17.8
75-79 years	24	5.0
80-84 years	7	1.5
Education
Primary	55	11.5
Elementary school	36	7.5
Middles school	38	8.0
Highschool	182	38.2
Higher education	164	34.4
No schooling	2	0.4
Marital status
Married	278	58.3
Stable union	97	20.3
Fixed partner	102	21.4
Time living with partner
≤ 5 years	99	20.8
Between 6 and 10 years	44	9.2
Between 11 and 15 years	33	6.9
Between 16 ans 20 years	22	4.6
> 20 years	279	58.5
Number of children
None	64	13.4
Between 1 and 2 children	193	40.5
Between 3 and 4 children	160	33.5
Between 5 and 6 children	42	8.8
≥ 7 children	18	3.8
Region of Brazil
North	41	8.6
Northeast	101	21.1
Midwest	52	10.9
Southwest	152	31.9
South	131	27.5

Instruments	Mean±SD	Median (IQ)
Evasi - Sexuality
Sexual act	69.44 ± 13.96	73.00 (63.00-80.00)
Emotional Relationships	69.55 ± 13.86	73.00 (62.50-81.00)
Physical and social adversities	7.37 ± 2.84	7.00 (5.00-9.00)
Whoqol-old - Quality of life
Sensory abilities	76.54 ± 19.44	81.25 (65.62-93.75)
Autonomy	65.13 ± 18.96	68.75 (56.25-75.00)
Past, present and future activities	65.50 ± 19.57	68.75 (56.25-75.00)
Social participation	64.62 ± 20.60	68.75 (50.00-75.00)
Death and dying	63.43 ± 26.90	68.75 (43.75-84.37)
Intimacy	70.02 ± 19.01	75.00 (62.50-81.25)
General QL	67.54 ± 13.93	67.70 (59.37-77.08)

Variables	Sexual act		Emotional relationships		Physical and social adversities		General QL
Variables	Mean Post	p value	Mean Post	p value	Mean Post	p value	Mean Post	p value
Sex		*0.005^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		0.441		0.260		0.747
Male	246.48		243.03		244.84		237.32
Female	228.08		233.13		230.48		241.45
Marital status		<0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05); ‡, § Bonferroni post-hoc test; QL - Quality of life.		0.057		0.286		0.200
Married^‡^§	215.01		228.59		246.67		229.80
Stable union^‡	257.92		239.65		234.69		246.79
Fixed partner^§	286.40		266.75		222.20		256.66
Lives with children		0.175		*0.007^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		*0.032^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		0.632
Yes	241.39		253.25		248.18		225.29
No	223.59		217.70		220.22		231.59
Orientation on sexuality		*0.039^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		*0.007^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		*0.025^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**		*0.006^ * Statistical significance by Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05);**
Yes	264.32		272.16		211.70		272.92
No	232.29		230.20		246.24		230.00

Dimensions from EVASI	Facets of QL	Test statistics	p value	Spearman's ρ	p value
SEXUAL ACT	Sensory skills	93.474	*0.004^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.169^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	<0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Autonomy	107.175	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.308^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Past, present and future activities	121.359	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.427^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Social Participation	137.747	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.428^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Death and dying	74.448	0.099	0.249^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Intimacy	188.887	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.546^§	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	General quality of life	167.173	< *0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.513^§	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
EMOTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS	Sensory skills	82.594	*0.009^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.133^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	0.004 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Autonomy	96.087	*0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.274^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Past, present and future activities	128.136	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.429^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Social Participation	110.255	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.386^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Death and dying	92.360	*0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.252^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Intimacy	209.545	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.592^§	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	General quality of life	166.003	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	0.498^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Sensory skills	52.561	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.284^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ADVERSITIES	Autonomy	28.143	*0.005^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.186^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Past, present and future activities	55.330	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.300^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Social Participation	73.263	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.339^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Death and dying	50.467	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.294^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	Intimacy	42.700	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.261^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);
	General quality of life	87.653	*< 0.001^ * Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) ;**	-0.403^‡ ‡ Weak correlation ^§ § Moderate correlation ; QL - Quality of life.	< 0.001 ^† † ;Statistical significance for Spearman correlation (p < 0.05);

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[1] Corresponding author: Edison Vitório de Souza Júnior. E-mail: edison.vitorio@usp.br