Quality of life of institutionalized aged with and without symptoms of depression

Scherrer, Gerson; Okuno, Meiry Fernanda Pinto; Oliveira, Leticia Meazzini de; Barbosa, Dulce Aparecida; Alonso, Angélica Castilho; Fram, Dayana Souza; Belasco, Angélica Gonçalves Silva

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0316

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 72 (suppl 2) • Nov 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0316 linkcopy

Quality of life of institutionalized aged with and without symptoms of depression

Calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados con y sin síntomas de depresión

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: compare the quality of life (QOL) of aged residents in homes for aged people with or without symptoms of depression, and identify social, physical activity; leisure; health and basic activities of daily living (ADL) variables that correlate with QOL scores.

Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 101 institutionalized aged. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis.

Results: symptoms of depression changed negatively the QOL in the domains: autonomy; present, past and future activities; social participation; intimacy and total score. Dependent aged presented lower QOL for the performance of ADL in the domains: autonomy; social participation and total score; dancing without limitation of movement; liking the residential and not presenting symptoms of depression were the variables that positively influenced the QOL of the aged.

Conclusion: social and psychological support, good living conditions and stimulating assistance can improve the QOL of institutionalized elderlies.

Descriptors:
Homes for the Aged; Quality of Life; Depression; Activities of Daily Living; Aged

Characteristics	Frequency (%)
Gender
Female	82 (81.2)
Male	19 (18.8)
Marital status
Widow	67 (66.3)
Single	15 (14.9)
Married	12 (11.9)
Divorced or separated	7 (6.9)
Skin color
White	98 (97.0)
Not white	3 (3.0)
Religion
Catholic	74 (73.2)
Other	22 (21.8)
Evangelical	3 (3.0)
Spiritism	2 (2.0)
Level of education
Elementary incomplete	18 (17.8)
Elementary complete	11 (10.9)
High	31 (30.7)
College complete	41 (40.6)
Financial Resource
Rental property	26 (25.7)
Retirement
Public pension	62 (61.4)
Private pension	6 (5.9)
Application	37 (36.6)
Sons cover the cost	23 (22.8)
Pension	22 (21.8)
Physical activity
Yes	61 (60.4)
No	40 (39.6)
Leisure activity
Yes	86 (85.1)
No	15 (14.9)
Presence of pain
Yes	54 (53.5)
No	47 (46.5)

WHOQOL-OLD	Without signs and symptoms n = 48 (sd)	With signs and symptoms n = 53 (sd)	p value
SF	75.91 (24.36)	77.36 (21.87)	0.754
AUT	68.62 (17.98)	54.6 (19.07)	< 0.001*
PPF	70.31 (18.16)	58.61 (19.96)	0.003^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.
SP	66.93 (19.64)	59.08 (19.71)	0.048^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.
DAD	82.03 (20.65)	75.35 (20.71)	0.108
INT	65.36 (24.05)	53.18 (26.65)	0.018^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.
Total score	71.53 (12.15)	63.03 (11.79)	0.001^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.

WHOQOL-OLD	Totally Dependent	Partially Dependent	Independent	p value
SF	72.12 (26.22)	72.92 (32.35)	78.04 (20.8)	0.581
AUT	47.12 (14.12)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	54.69 (23.25)	64.72 (18.87)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	0.005^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.
PPF	58.65 (25.2)	59.38 (21.73)	65.87 (18.61)	0.328
SP	46.15 (17.78)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	57.29 (17.64)	66.53 (19.19)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	0.001^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.
DAD	83.17 (15.39)	85.42 (16.06)	76.64 (22.11)	0.279
INT	46.63 (29.27)	53.13 (26.72)	62.01 (24.93)	0.102
Total score	58.97 (11.05)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	63.80 (13.39)	68.97 (12.27)^a a totally dependent versus independent;	0.018^* * p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.

	With symptoms			Without signs and symptoms
	TD	PD	I	TD	PD	I
SF	70.8	78.9	78.6	75.0	60.9	77.5
AUT	44.4^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	53.1	57.5^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	53.1^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	57.8	71.2^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to
PPF	58.3	54.7	59.5	59.4	68.7	71.6
SP	45.8^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	61.7	61.8^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	46.9^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	48.4	70.9^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to
DAD	79.2	88.3	71.5	92.2	79.7	81.2
INT	52.1	47.6	54.7	34.4	64.1	68.6
Total score	58.4^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	64.1	63.9^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	60.2^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to	63.3	73.5^a a totally dependent versus independent correspond to

	Simple regression		Multiple regression
	Estimated	p value	Estimated	p value
Dance	15.04	0.019	11.09	0.040
Do gymnastics	5.76	0.028	-	-
Leisure activity	9.12	0.009	-	-
Watch TV	6.01	0.019	-	-
Limitation of movements	- 11.65	< 0.001	- 10.22	< 0.001
Loss of health	- 7.59	0.002	-	-
Sick partner	8.79	0.029	-	-
Like the residential	10.98	0.026	8.85	0.033
Living alone	- 8.96	0.007	-	-
Quantity of drugs	- 0.86	0.010	-	-
Signs and symptoms depression	8.5	0.001	6.71	0.002
Katz Index (ADL)^* * Activities of Daily Living.	- 7.68	0.008	-	-

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Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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[TFN1] Note: ANOVA test; sd = standard deviation;

[TFN2] ^*
p = significant; SF = sensory function; AUT = autonomy; PPF = past, present and future activities; SP = social participation; DAD = death and dying; INT = intimacy.