Prevención de accidentes domésticos en la infancia: conocimiento de cuidadores en un unidad de salud

Santos, Rayanne Rodrigues dos; Machado, Maria Estela Diniz; Gomes, Ana Leticia Monteiro; Aguiar, Rosane Cordeiro Burla de; Christoffel, Marialda Moreira

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0006 copiar

Prevención de accidentes domésticos en la infancia: conocimiento de cuidadores en un unidad de salud

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

Analizar el conocimiento de cuidadores sobre prevención de accidentes domésticos en la primera infancia y su relación con nivel de escolaridad.

Método:

Estudio transversal realizado en una Unidad de Atención Básica de Niterói con cuidadores (muestra por conveniencia) de niños menores de 6 años. Para clasificar el conocimiento, se adoptó Índice de Positividad; para verificar la relación entre la variable “escolaridad” y el conocimiento, se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados estadísticamente significativos: p < 0,05.

Resultados:

Participaron 256 cuidadores; 93,5% presentaron conocimiento adecuado. En ítems individuales, destacó el conocimiento (100%) sobre prevención de accidentes con juguetes cortantes, armas de fuego, intoxicación por productos; y menos frecuente (64,5%), el conocimiento de informaciones contenidas en la Libreta de Salud Infantil. No hube relación estadística significante (p = 0,237) entre escolaridad y conocimiento. Conclusión: Los cuidadores presentaron conocimiento sobre prevención de accidentes domésticos, y esto no estuvo relacionado al nivel de escolaridad.

Descriptores:
Salud del Niño; Cuidadores; Prevención de Accidentes; Accidentes Domésticos; Enfermería Pediátrica

Items	Knowledge				PI
	Yes		No
	n	%	n	%
1. Children under four years of age should be kept away from any liquid reservoirs, which should be emptied after use, including bathtubs, toilets, tanks, swimming pools and even buckets, as they can drown in liquid layers of 5 cm.	220	85.9	36	14.1	S
2. It is not safe to leave children alone in pools, lakes, rivers or the sea, even if they can swim.	255	99.6	1	0.4	A
3. Plastic bags, cords, sheets, and pillows should not be left unsupervised near the child.	216	84.4	40	15.6	S
4. Avoid using toys with small parts and keep small objects in the house out of children's reach.	254	99.2	2	0.8	A
5. The Inmetro seal guarantees that the toy has undergone tests that prove its safety and quality.	239	93.4	17	6.6	A
6. In the kitchen, pans should be placed on the back burners of the stove, always with the handle facing the bottom and out of reach of children.	249	97.3	7	2.7	A
7. The ideal water temperature for the baby's comfort and safety is 37 ºC. You should test the water temperature with your hand by moving it around the entire tub to make sure there are no spots that are too hot.	205	80.1	51	19.9	S
8. House wiring should be in good condition and tied up high, electrical outlets should be protected, and electrical appliances should not be left in plugs or plugged in after use.	248	96.9	8	3.1	A
9. Toys with sharp points or edges, guns with projectiles, darts and arrows should be kept out of children's reach as they can cause injuries of varying severity.	256	100	0	0	D
10. 10. Sharp-edged or sharp objects should be kept in drawers and cabinets with locks out of children's sight and reach.	255	99.6	1	0.4	A
11. Furniture should have rounded corners. If they are sharp, the corners should be protected to prevent injury to the child.	252	98.4	4	1.6	A
12. Cleaning materials should be in their original containers and out of the reach of children, in high, locked cabinets.	256	100	0	0	D
13. Medicines should be kept out of the reach of children, in high, locked places.	256	100	0	0	D
14. It is recommended to protect the cradle and the enclosure with high bars, with no more than 6 cm between one bar and the other.	241	94.1	15	5.9	A
15. Keep clear, constant lighting and adequate, non-slip flooring, with no rugs or objects that get in the way are measures that can reduce the risk of falls.	251	98	5	2	A
16. It is recommended that protective nets or bars be installed in all windows and/or balconies of apartments or houses with two or more floors.	252	98.4	4	1.6	A
17. Information on accident prevention in childhood according to age group is present in the Child's Health Booklet.	165	64.5	91	35.5	P

Level of education	n	%	Yes		No		Average of hits	SD	p
Level of education	n	%	n	%	n	%	Average of hits	SD	p
Elementary school	10	3.9	9.3	93	0.7	7	15.80	1.03	0.237*
Highschool	76	29.7	71.1	93.5	4.9	6.5	15.99	1.34
Higher Education	89	34.8	82.7	93	6.3	7	15.99	1.19
Post graduation	81	31.6	76.4	94.3	4.6	5.6	15.79	1.36

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Rayanne Rodrigues dos Santos E-mail: rayannersantos@yahoo.com.br