Assessment of health/functioning of older adults who consume psychoactive substances

Cruz, Vania Dias; Santos, Silvana Sidney Costa; Tomaschewski-Barlem, Jamila Geri; Silva, Bárbara Tarouco da; Lange, Celmira; Abreu, Daiane Porto Gautério de; Oliveira, Flávia Seles

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0637

Brasil

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (3) • May-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0637 linkcopy

Assessment of health/functioning of older adults who consume psychoactive substances

Evaluación de la salud/funcionalidad de personas ancianas consumidoras de sustancias psicoactivas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To assess the health/functioning of the older adult who consumes psychoactive substances through the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, considering the theory of complexity.

Method: Qualitative case study, with 11 older adults, held between December 2015 and February 2016 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, using interviews, documents and non-systematic observation. It was approved by the ethics committee. The analysis followed the propositions of the case study, using the complexity of Morin as theoretical basis.

Results: We identified older adults who consider themselves healthy and show alterations - the alterations can be exacerbated by the use of psychoactive substances - of health/functioning expected according to the natural course of aging such as: systemic arterial hypertension; depressive symptoms; dizziness; tinnitus; harmed sleep/rest; and inadequate food and water consumption.

Final consideration: The assessment of health/functioning of older adults who use psychoactive substances, guided by complex thinking, exceeds the accuracy limits to risk the understanding of the phenomena in its complexity.

Descriptors: Older Adult; Drug Users; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; Geriatric Nursing; Nursing Care

Health/functioning systems	Alterations in health and functioning Cases/Older adults with alterations
Disease history	Depressive symptoms		SAH¹ 1 SAH: Systemic Arterial Hypertension;			Cardiopathy			DM² 2 DM: Diabetes Mellitus;				Psychiatric illness				Peptic ulcer			HIV³ 3 HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus;
Disease history	1, 2, 6, 10, 11		1, 3, 4, 6, 11			1,4			3,6				7				8			11
Psychoactive substances Used	Tobacco			Alcohol				Marijuana				Cocaine			Crack			Other PASs⁴ 4 PAS: Psychoactive
	Ex-user: 1, 8			2, 3, 5				5, 11				7			8, 9			7, 8, 9, 11
	Current: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11			1, 4, 7, 9, 11				7, 8, 9, 10				8, 9, 10, 11			11
Orientation	Time	Short-term memory					Long-term memory						Perception			Language			Attention
Orientation													7, 10, 11						1, 2, 6
Sensory functions	Visual acuity					Wear glasses								Hearing acuity
Sensory functions	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11					2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11
Vestibular aspects	Dizziness/Balance				Vertigo				Tinnitus							Nausea
Vestibular aspects	1, 3, 6				11				2, 7, 8, 11							6
Use of medication	SAH/Card		Analgesic			DM		Cholesterol/Triglycerides				Anti-ulceragents				Psychiatric medication				Others
Use of medication	1,3,4,6,11		1, 2, 5, 8, 9			3, 6		3, 4				6, 8				6, 7, 9, 10, 11				11
Sleep/sleep functions	Insomnia	Onset of/Difficulty to sleep							Maintenance/wake up more than 2 times					Quantity/less than 7 hours of sleep					Siesta
Sleep/sleep functions	1, 10	1, 6, 9, 10							1, 6, 9, 10, 11					5, 9, 10					1, 2, 9, 11
Digestive system	Food handling in the mouth							Water intake below two litres									Inadequate diet
Digestive system	7							2, 4, 7, 9, 10									1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Genitourinary functions	Evacuation								Urination				Inactive sex life
Genitourinary functions	Liquid stool: 3 Constipation: 6												3, 4, 6
Neuromusculoskeletal functions	Mobility						Stability									Tremors
Neuromusculoskeletal functions																4, 5, 6
Pain	Lower back pain				Thoracic pain						Joint pain							Epigastralgia
Pain	1, 3, 5, 8, 9				2						3, 4, 5, 6, 11							7
Tolerance to physical exercise	Does not perform physical activity
Tolerance to physical exercise	3, 4
Skin and related structures	Fingers and nails yellow						Tingling									Dirtiness and callosity
Skin and related structures	2						4, 6, 9, 10, 11									8
Activity and participation	Community life				Recreational activities						Daily routine/Decisions							Crisis/Stress
Activity and participation					1, 3													1, 2, 6, 10, 11
Self-care/Locomotion	Change position			Self-transference						Walking/Moving					Self-care
Self-care/Locomotion															Cutting toenails: 3,9
Difficulties with climate/ temperature	Wind				Moisture						Cold							Heat
Difficulties with climate/ temperature					10						2, 6
Fragile support networks	Family		Friends			Neighbors				Health professionals							UBS⁵
Fragile support networks	8, 11		8, 10, 11			6, 8, 10, 11				2, 5, 8, 9							1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11

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[TFN1] Note:

[TFN2] ¹
SAH: Systemic Arterial Hypertension;

[TFN3] ²
DM: Diabetes Mellitus;

[TFN4] ³
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus;

[TFN5] ⁴
PAS: Psychoactive