Impact of an educational intervention on standard precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Angeloni, Natália Liberato Norberto; Silva, Maria Heloísa do Nascimento; Valle, Lomberto Ariel Romeu; Sousa, Álvaro Francisco Lopes; Valim, Marília Duarte; Andrade, Denise de; Fronteira, Inês; Santos Junior, Aires Garcia dos

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0750

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 76 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0750 linkcopy

Impact of an educational intervention on standard precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Impacto de una intervención educativa sobre las precauciones estándar durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding standard precautions.

Methods: This is an almost experimental study conducted with 100 nursing professionals. Data collection was performed using a sociodemographic characterization instrument and the Standard Precautions Knowledge Questionnaire. The educational intervention was based on five moments, where the approach to questions with less than 70% accuracy was intensified.

Results: There was a significant difference between the scores of healthcare professionals before (16.20 ± 1.51) and after (16.90 ± 1.31) the educational intervention (W=3.336; p < 0.05). Regarding knowledge about hand hygiene after glove use, an increase in knowledge from 83% to 93% was obtained.

Conclusions: A positive effect on the professionals’ knowledge was recorded, demonstrating advances regarding the strengthening of already acquired knowledge and the understanding of new knowledge.

Descriptors: Universal Precautions; Nursing Professionals; Knowledge; Nursing; Continuing Education in Nursing

	n	%
Gender
Female	85	85.9
Male	14	14.1
Professional category
Nursing technician	77	77.8
Nurse	19	19.2
Nursing assistant	3	3.0
In which department do you work?
Hospital Units	46	46.5
Intensive care unit (ICU)	21	21.2
Hemodialysis	15	15.2
Emergency room	14	14.1
Others	3	3.0
Age range
From 20 to 40 years old	69	71.9
40 years or older	27	28.1
Length of time at the hospital
From 0 to 10 years	87	88.8
From 11 to 20 years	7	7.1
From 21 to 30 years	4	4.1
> 30 years	0	0.0
Hours worked per week
Up to 44 hours	70	71.4
>44 hours	18	18.4
Up to 30 hours	10	10.2

Items	Before the intervention				After the intervention
	Corrects		Errors		Corrects		Errors		p value
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
1.Do you know what standard precautions are?	90	90.9	9	9.1	97	98.0	2	2.0	0.035
2. Standard precautions should only be applied to patients with a diagnosed infection or patients who are in the incubation period for a particular infection.	64	64.6	35	35.4	72	72.7	27	27.3	0.182
3. Adherence to standard precautions aims primarily to protect healthcare staff.	15	15.2	83	83.8	29	29.3	70	70.7	0.013
4. When coming into contact with blood or any other potentially contaminated materials. hands should be washed immediately.	99	100.0	0	0.0	99	100.0	0	0.0	-
5. Hand hygiene should be performed during care provision to different patients.	91	91.9	8	8.1	92	92.9	7	7.1	0.763
6. Since the use of gloves can prevent hand contamination. it is not necessary to wash hands after removing gloves.	83	83.8	16	16.2	93	93.9	5	5.1	0.033
7. Contact with objects, materials, equipment, clothing, and individuals contaminated with PPE should be avoided.	89	89.9	7	7.1	91	91.9	8	8.1	0.637
8. PPE should not be shared.	94	94.9	5	5.1	92	92.9	7	7.1	0.564
9. When performing oral care procedures or other procedures that may involve contact with patient mucous membranes, the use of gloves is not mandatory.	85	85.9	13	13.1	92	92.9	6	6.1	0.09
10. Gloves are necessary in blood collection or venous puncture procedures.	99	100.0	0	0.0	97	98.0	1	1.0	0.157
11. Gloves are necessary in procedures where there is a possibility of hand contact with patient secretions or excretions.	98	99.0	1	1.0	99	100.0	0	0.0	0.317
12. Gloves should be changed when providing care to different patients.	98	99.0	0	0.0	97	98.0	0	0.0	0.564
13. A protective mask or face shield should be worn in procedures where there is a possibility of blood splashes, bodily fluids. secretions. or excretions.	94	94.9	4	4.0	97	98.0	1	1.0	0.257
14. Eye protection or face shields should be worn in procedures where there is a possibility of blood splashes, secretions, or excretions.	96	97.0	2	2.0	97	98.0	2	2.0	0.655
15. A protective gown should be worn in procedures where there is a possibility of blood splashes, bodily fluids, secretions, or excretions.	97	98.0	1	1.0	98	99.0	1	1.0	0.564
16. Disposable caps and shoe covers should be used in situations where there is a possibility of blood splashes, bodily fluids, secretions, or excretions	76	76.8	23	23.2	84	84.8	15	15.2	0.088
17. It is prohibited to bend, twist or actively cap needles. When necessary, passive capping should be done with only one hand. Disposal containers should be located close to the manipulation area.	83	83.8	15	15.2	86	86.9	13	13.1	0.549
18. When providing nursing care to patients with hepatitis C or syphilis only standard precautions need to be adopted.	59	59.6	40	40.4	65	65.7	34	34.3	0.330
19. When providing nursing care to patients with active tuberculosis or chickenpox, standard precautions, as well as droplet precautions, need to be adopted.	8	8.1	89	89.9	5	5.1	93	93.9	0.366
20. When providing nursing care to patients with intestinal infections or skin infections. contact precautions need to be adopted.	86	86.9	12	12.1	91	91.9	8	8.1	0.166

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