Evaluation of a video to promote HIV testing in sexual minorities

Hernández, Francisco Javier Báez; Navarro, Vianet Nava; López, Miguel Angel Zenteno; Álvarez, Víctor Manuel Blanco; Morales Nieto, Arelia; Hernández, Pedro Trejo

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0320

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (4) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0320 linkcopy

Evaluation of a video to promote HIV testing in sexual minorities

Evaluación de un video para promover la prueba de VIH en minorias sexuales

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To design and evaluate an educational video aimed at promoting HIV testing in gay men from the theoretical perspective of the Nola J. Pender Health Promotion Model.

Methods: The design comprised five steps: 1.- Literature search; 2.- Formulation of the educational objective; 3.- Drafting of the script and location of the information in the theoretical components; 4.- Production; and 5.- Evaluation by experts and the target population.

Results: The video “Living Without Fear” was produced, which presents the dilemma faced by gay men before taking a HIV test. The content validity index was 0.85, which indicated that the information was adequate and acceptable for promoting the rapid HIV test.

Final Considerations: The results contribute to the scientific evidence aimed at promoting healthy behavior. In addition, the video was shown to be an acceptable educational tool.

Descriptors:
Instructional Film and Video; Validation Study; Audiovisual Resources; HIV Testing; Sexual and Gender Minorities

Health Promotion Model	Content	Image	Text
-----	Opening credits	Video title	“Living Without Fear”
Health-Promoting Behavior	Virus that attacks the body’s defenses and can be controlled.	Eduardo looks at the device screen that will give him the test result. He looks up at the camera.	My name is Eduardo and, a few days ago, I had an experience that has changed me forever.
Situational Influences	By contact with body fluids, due to unprotected sex, and sharing infected needles. Sometimes during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.	Eduardo receives WhatsApp messages from his sexual partner describing the signs and symptoms of HIV infection.	After being with Gabo, the messages that he sent me are those that nobody wants to receive - he was having a hard time.
Perceived Barriers to Action	It is not spread by insect bites, saliva, tears, or sweat or by hugging, holding hands, using the same toilet, sharing plates, or “social kissing”.	Eduardo is clearly anxious and is unable to sleep in his room.	Something was wrong and it wouldn’t stop going around my head. So much is said about HIV that I don’t know what to believe: that you can catch it by using the same toilet or sharing plates. My head is going to explode!
Situational Influences	The myths of HIV, that only certain groups can contract the virus, prejudices anyone who undergoes the test and suggest that it is some form of divine punishment.	Eduardo, checking Grindr, finds the advertisement for rapid tests in BUAP Clinic.	Only we understand and support each other. What is this? BUAP performs rapid tests and the center is close to here! Hmmm. I don’t know though. There are so many haters and I can’t handle that.
Self-Efficacy Personal Sociocultural Factors Situational Influences	The rapid test is effective if it is performed between 18 and 90 days after exposure.	Eduardo decides to attend the center to be tested. Eduardo finds a warm and friendly atmosphere (polite men and women). A girl shows him to the consulting room. A smiling couple leaves the consulting room.	I’ve made up my mind: if I don’t take care of myself, how can I take care of Gabo? What a cool place. Nobody’s giving me bad vibes. Wow, they’re folks like me. Friendly. Here I go.
Situational Influences Health-Promoting Behavior	Your finger is pricked to collect a drop of blood, from which a reagent gives a positive or negative result.	Eduardo enters the consulting room and is received by a health care professional. Eduardo undergoes the test.	The nursing staff treating me are so discreet, clean, and laidback. Hmmm, kinda scary but, come on, it’s just a prick.
Perceived Barriers to Action Health-Promoting Behavior Commitment to Plan of Action	You have the result in less than 10 minutes. It is 98% accurate. You do not need to fast beforehand. The consultation is discreet, anonymous, and confidential. The result gives you peace of mind, control over your health, and confidence to conduct your sex life in a full and responsible way.	Eduardo’s test result is negative and he receives more information (on the test and HIV) Transition. Eduardo accompanies his partner to undergo the test in the clinic.	Cool! In 10 minutes, all doubts were relieved: they explained that the result if 98% accurate and that no preparation is required. It is discreet, anonymous, and confidential. Now I can fully enjoy my sex life. Well, Gabo and I can. This is loving yourself... let’s go!
--------	Closing credits	Credits and logos	Black screen

Domain	Question	CVI
1 - Objective	Does it make viewers think about the care that gay men should take in their sexual relations?	0.73
	Does it help to demystify the topic of HIV?	0.83
	Does it promote a change in behavior and attitude toward the lack of prevention?	0.83
	Does it clarify information on the rapid HIV test?	0.70
	Does it mitigate prejudices concerning HIV?	0.80
2 - Language	Is the presented content understandable?	0.80
	Is the content understandable due to the use of familiar words and simple definitions?	0.90
	Is the content understandable due to good grammatical agreement?	0.90
3 - Relevance	Is it relevant as a health education tool?	0.93
	It is suitable for gay men?	0.93
	Does it offer an opportunity to better understand the rapid HIV test?	0.90
	Does it focus on the key aspect, the performance of the rapid HIV test?	0.93
4 - Content	Is it able to clarify doubts on the rapid HIV test?	0.76
	Are the messages presented in a clear and objective manner?	0.80
	Is the information presented scientifically correct?	0.93
	Is the content sufficient to achieve the objective?	0.70
	Is there a logical sequence to the presented information?	0.86
5 - Design	Is the video presentation attractive and well organized?	0.96
5 - Design	Is the video the appropriate length?	0.96
Overall		0.85

Dimension	Question	Response type
		A little		Average		A lot		Quite a lot
		%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n
Acceptability	How much did you like the video “Living Without Fear”?	5.6	1	33.3	6	33.3	6	27.8	5
Acceptability	How much would you recommend the video “Living Without Fear” to a friend?	0.0	0.0	27.8	5	38.9	7	33.3	6
Dimension	Question	None		A little		A lot		Quite a lot
Dimension	Question	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n
Counterarguing	Do you think that the information provided on certain topics was inaccurate or misleading?	61.1	11	38.9	7	0.0	0	0.0	0
Identification with the main character	Did you understand the feelings and emotions of the main character?	0.0	0	5.5	1	66.7	12	27.8	5
Dimension	Question	Completely disagree		Disagree		Agree		Completely agree
Dimension	Question	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n
Narrative engagement	Was it sometimes difficult to understand what was happening in the video?	44.5	8	33.3	6	22.2	4	0.0	0
	Did your mind sometimes wander while watching the video?	50.0	9	50.0	9	0.0	0	0.0	0
	Were the events in the story depicted in the video relevant for your daily life?	0.0	0	16.7	3	55.6	10	27.7	5
Intention to undergo the HIV test	In the future, do you plan to undergo regular HIV testing?	0.0	0	0.0	0	38.9	7	61.1	11
Intention to undergo the HIV test	Would you like to schedule an appointment for a HIV test?	0.0	0	11.2	2	44.4	8	44.4	8

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