Instruments for assessing foot self-care of people with diabetes: a scoping review

Belchior, Amelina de Brito; Nascimento, Florência Gamileira; Sousa, Mariane Carlos de; Silveira, Ana Beatriz Mesquita da; Oliveira, Sherida Karanini Paz de

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0555

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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 76 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0555 copy

This erratum corrects:

10.1590/0034-7167.20237604e03

Instruments for assessing foot self-care of people with diabetes: a scoping review

Instrumentos para evaluar el autocuidado con los pies de personas con diabetes: revisión del alcance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

to map, in the world literature, instruments for assessing foot self-care of people with diabetes.

Methods:

a scoping review in Scopus by Elsevier, MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS, SciELO databases and gray literature, using the controlled words diabetic foot, self care, questionnaire. Search was carried out in February and March 2021, according to JBI recommendations and PRISMA-ScR extension.

Results:

fifteen studies made up the review, 14 articles and one thesis, published between 2000 and 2020. 16 instruments were identified: five with an emphasis on general self-care and 11 on foot self-care. Inspection, hygiene, washing and drying between the toes, lotion application and use of proper shoes and socks were the main self-care measures presented.

Final Considerations:

foot self-care is assessed by knowledge, social support and frequency with which measures are being put into practice, encouraging professional practice.

Descriptors:
Diabetic Foot; Self Care; Questionnaire; Diabetes Complications; Nursing

Database	Strategy	Total studies found
MEDLINE	(diabetic foot) OR (foot ulcer diabetic) AND (self care) OR (Selfcare) OR (self-care) AND (Questionnaire) OR (Surveys)	442
LILACS		50
SciELO	( pé diabético ) AND ( autocuidado ) AND ( questionários ) OR ( instrumentos )	24
Scopus	“diabetic foot” AND “self care” AND “questionnaire”	333
PubMed	(((“Diabetic foot” OR “Diabetic Feet” OR “Foot Ulcer, Diabetic”)) AND ((“Self care” OR “Self-Care” OR “SelfCare”))) AND ((“Surveys and Questionnaires” OR “Questionnaires and Surveys” OR “Survey Methods” OR “Survey Method” OR “Surveys” OR “Questionnaire Design” OR “Questionnaire Designs” OR “Questionnaires” OR “Questionnaire”))	104
Google Scholar		92
CAPES catalog	(diabetic food) OR (foot ulcer diabetic) AND (self care) OR (Selfcare) OR ( self-care) AND (Questionnaire) OR (Surveys)	47
BBDTD	“( Todos os campos: ( Pé Diabético ) OR ( Úlcera Diabética do Pé ) OR ( neuropatia diabética ) E Todos os campos: ( Autocuidado ) OR ( Autoajuda ) E Todos os campos: ( Inquéritos e Questionários ) OR ( Questionário ) OR ( Questionários ) OR ( Inquéritos ))”	11
ProQuest	(diabetic foot) AND (self care) AND (Questionnaire) AND ti(diabetic food AND self care AND questionnaire	15
TOTA L		1,118

Title	Journal/year	Country of origin	Study design	Instrument
General self-care instruments, including foot care
The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale( ¹⁷17 Toobert DJ, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE. The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure: results from 7 studies and a revised scale. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(7):943-50. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.7.943 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.7.943... )	Diabetes Care/2000	United Kingdom	Review of reliability, validity and data	Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA)
Assessing self-management in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Germany: validation of a German version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure (SDSCA-G)( ¹⁸18 Kamradt M, Bozorgmehr K, Krisam J, Freund T, Kiel M, Qreini M, et al. Assessing self-management in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Germany: validation of a German version of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure (SDSCA-G). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014;18(12):185. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0185-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0185-... )	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes/2014	Germany	Instrument translation methodology	Version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure (SDSCA-G)
Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes: tradução, adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas ( ¹⁹19 Michels MJ, Coral MHC, Sakae TM, Damas TB, Furlanetto LM. Questionário de atividades de autocuidado com o diabetes: tradução, adaptação e avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(7):644-51. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302010000700009 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-2730201000... )	Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia/2010	Brazil	Instrument translation methodology	Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes (QAD)
The capabilities and activities of self-care in patients with diabetic foot( ²⁰20 Balcázar-Ochoa M, Escate-Ruíz Y, Choque-Díaz C, Velásquez-Carranza D. Capacidades y actividades en el autocuidado del paciente con pie diabético. RENH. 2015;63;7(2). https://doi.org/10.20453/renh.v7i2.2529 https://doi.org/10.20453/renh.v7i2.2529... )	Revista Enfermería Herediana /2014	Peru	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire on skills and self-care activities of patient with diabetic foot
Development andpsychometric properties ofa new social support scale for self-care in middle-aged patients with type II diabetes (S4-MAD)( ²¹21 Naderimagham S, Niknami S, Abolhassani F, Hajizadeh E, Montazeri A. Development and psychometric properties of a new social support scale for self-care in middle-aged patients with type II diabetes (S4-MAD). BMC Public Health. 2012;28;12:1035. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-1035 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-103... )	BMC PublicHealth/2012	Iran	Instrument preparation methodology	The social-supportscale for self-care in middle-aged patientswith type 2 diabetes (S4-MAD)
Foot-specific self-care instruments
Adesão ao autocuidadoc om os pés em diabéticos: desenvolvimento de um instrumento embasado nat eoria da resposta ao item (TRI)( ²²22 Silva FAA. Adesão ao autocuidado com os pés em diabéticos: desenvolvimento de um instrumento embasado na Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI) [Internet]. Universidade Estadual do Ceará. 2014 [cited 2021 Apr 10]. Available from: https://siduece.uece.br/siduece/trabalhoAcademicoPublico.jsf?id=87887 https://siduece.uece.br/siduece/trabalho... )	Plataf ormaSucupira /2014	Brazil	Instrument preparation methodology	Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com osPés para Diabéticos (QPED)
Cuestionario sobre el comportamiento planeado en la diabetes - cuidado conlos pies: validación ( ²³23 Monteiro LA, Chaves ECL, Souza VHS, Nogueira DA, Pereira MG, Iunes DH. Questionnaire of planned behavior in diabetes - foot care: validation. Online Braz J Nurs. 2015;14(suppl 3):255-62. https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20155159 https://doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20155... )	Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing/2015	Portugal	Instrument translation methodology	Questionário do Comportamento Planeado na Diabetes – Cuidado Com os Pés (QCP-CP)
Development andv alidation of a diabetesf oot self-care behavior scale( ²⁴24 Chin YF, Huang TT. Development and validation of a diabetes foot self-care behavior scale. J Nurs Res. 2013;21(1):19-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0b013e3182828e59 https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0b013e318282... )	The Journal ofNursing Research/2013	China	Instrument preparation methodology	Diabetes foot self-care behavior scale(DFSBS)
Diabetes foot self-care practices in the German population( ²⁵25 Schmidt S, Mayer H, Panfil EM. Diabetes foot self-care practices in the German population. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(21):2920-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02352 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008... )	Journal ofClinical Nursing/2008	Germany	Cross-sectional	Frankfurter Catalogue of Foot Self-Care - Prevention of the Diabetic Foot Syndrome (FCFSP)
Developing and testing of the Foot Care Confidence Scale( ²⁶26 Sloan HL. Developing and testing of the Foot Care Confidence Scale. J Nurs Meas. 2002;10(3):207-18. https://doi.org/10.1891/jnum.10.3.207.52564 https://doi.org/10.1891/jnum.10.3.207.52... )	Journal of Nursing Measurement/2002	USA	Instrument preparation methodology	Foot Care Confidence Scale(FCCS)
Validity of the Mexican version of the combined Foot Care Confidence/Foot-Care Behavior scale for diabetes( ²⁷27 García-Inzunza JA, Valles-Medina AM, Muñoz FA, Delgadillo-Ramos G, Compean-Ortiz LG. Validity of the Mexican version of the combined foot care confidence/Foot-Care behavior scale for diabetes. Rev Panam Salud Publica [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2021 Mar 5];38(1):35-41. Available from: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/2015.v38n1/35-41/en https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rpsp/2015.v... )	Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública /2015	Mexico	Instrument translation methodology	Foot Care Confidence Scale/Foot-Care Behavior (FCCS-FCB)
Development, validationand psychometric analysis of the diabetic foot self- care questionnaire of the University of Malaga,Spain (DFSQ-UMA)( ²⁸28 Navarro-Flores E, Morales-Asencio JM, Cervera-Marín JA, Labajos-Manzanares MT, Gijon-Nogueron G. Development, validation and psychometric analysis of the diabetic foot self-care questionnaire of the University of Malaga, Spain (DFSQ-UMA). J Tissue Viability. 2015;24(1):24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2014.11.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2014.11.00... )	Journal of Tissue Viability/2015	Spain	Instrument preparation methodology	The diabetic foot self-care questionnaire of the University of Malaga (DFSQ- UMA)
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the French Version of the Diabetic Foot Self-care Questionnaire of theUniversity of Malaga( ²⁹29 Garcia-Paya I, Lescure Y, Delacroix S, Gijon-Nogueron G. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the French version of the diabetic foot self-care questionnaire of the University of Malaga. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2019;109(5):357-66. https://doi.org/10.7547/17-119 https://doi.org/10.7547/17-119... )	Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association/2019	France	Instrument translation methodology	The diabetic foot self-care questionnaire of the University of Malaga, French (DFSQ-UMA Fr)
Quality of Foot Care Among Patients With Diabetes: A Study Using a Polish Version of the Diabetes Foot Disease and Foot Care Questionnaire( ³⁰30 Świątoniowska N, Chabowski M, Jankowska-Polańska B. Quality of foot care among patients with diabetes: a study using a polish version of the diabetes foot disease and foot care questionnaire. J Foot Aeringnkle Surg. 2020;59(2):231-8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2019.07.020 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2019.07.0... )	The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery/2020	Poland	Instrument preparation methodology	Diabetes Foot Disease and Foot Care (DFDFC-Q)
The effect of a foot care camp on diabetic foot care knowledge and the behaviours of individualswith diabetes mellitus( ³¹31 Sulistyo AAH, Sia WS, Maneewat K. The effect of a foot care camp on diabetic foot care knowledge and the behaviours of individuals with diabetes mellitus. J Res Nurs. 2018;23(5):416-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987118765903 https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987118765903... )	Journal of Research in Nursing/2018	Indonesia	Quasi-experimental	Modified DiabeticF oot Care Knowledge (MDFK) Modified DiabeticF oot Care Behaviors(MDFCB)

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[1] Corresponding author: Amelina de Brito Belchior E-mail: amelinabelchior@hotmail.com