Postnatal care of newborns in the family context: an integrative review

the searches of the integrative literature review were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases.

Results:

sixteen studies composed the final sample and, from these, two analytical categories emerged: Practices and doubts of families in postnatal care of newborns; and Best practices in postnatal care of newborns.

Final considerations:

several cultural practices of families differ from scientific recommendations, which can generate risks to the health of newborns. Therefore, it is essential to consolidate educational programs with family members, to improve the quality of care offered and to reduce preventable neonatal deaths in different socio-family contexts.

Descriptors:
Neonatal Nursing; Infant Care; Newborn; Postnatal Care; Family

PICo Strategy			DeCS in Portuguese	DeCS in Spanish	MeSH terms
PICo	Variables	Components	DeCS in Portuguese	DeCS in Spanish	MeSH terms
P	Population	Newborn	Recém-Nascido	Recién Nacido	Newborn
I	Interest	Care	Cuidado da Criança	Cuidado del Niño	Infant Care
			Cuidado do Lactente	Cuidado del Lactante	Child Care
			Cuidado Pós-Natal	Atención Posnatal	Postnatal Care
Co	Context	Family	Família	Familia	Family
Co	Context	Family	Domicílio (palavra)	Domicilio (palabra)	Home (word)

Title	Year/Country	Outlining/number of participants	Data collection technique/Intervention	Objective(s)
A1 - Influência geracional familiar no banho do recém-nascido e prevenção de onfalites⁽⁷7 Linhares EF, Marta FEF, Dias JAA, Santos MCQ. Influência geracional familiar no banho do recém-nascido e prevenção de onfalites. Rev Enferm UFPE. 2017; 11(11):4678-86. doi: 10.5205/reuol.11138-99362-1-SM.1111sup201718 https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.11138-9936... ⁾	2017 Brazil	Qualitative/ Ten mothers and 19 family members	Semi-structured interview and observation participant/ Without intervention	To know how generational interrelations interfere with NB bathing and preventing omphalitis.
A2 - Postnatal and neonatal care after home birth: a community-based study in Nepal⁽⁸8 Karkee R, Khanal V. Postnatal and neonatal care after home birth: a community-based study in Nepal. Women Birth. 2016; 29(3):39-43. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.10.003 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2015.10.... ⁾	2016 Nepal	Prospective/ 92 puerperal women	Structured questionnaire/ Without intervention	To investigate the postnatal and neonatal care practices of women who gave birth at home in a central mountain district in Nepal.
A3 - Breast feeding among Brazilian adolescents: practice and needs⁽⁹9 Monteiro JCS, Dias FA, Stefanello J, Reis MCG, Nakano MAS, Gomes-Sponholz FA. Breast feeding among Brazilian adolescents: practice and needs. Midwifery. 2014; 30(3):359-63. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.0... ⁾	2014 Brazil	Quanti-qualitative/229 adolescent mothers in the first stage and 10 adolescent mothers in the second stage	Interview/ Without intervention	To characterize breastfeeding practices among Brazilian adolescents and identify their breastfeeding needs.
A4 - Newborn care practices and home-based postnatal newborn care program - Mewat, Haryana, India, 2013⁽¹⁰10 Sinha LN, Kaur P, Gupta R, Dalpath S, Goyalc V, Murhekar M. Newborn care practices and home-based care programme: Mewat, Haryana, India, 2013. W Pac Surv Resp J. 2014; 5(3):22-9. doi: 10.5365/WPSAR.2014.5.1.006 https://doi.org/10.5365/WPSAR.2014.5.1.0... ⁾	2014 India	Quantitative - cross-sectional/ 320 mothers, 61 accredited social health activists and observation of 19 home visits	Semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To study NB care practices among mothers from Mewat, Haryana, with high neonatal mortality; To determine risk factors for unsafe practices; To describe the knowledge and skills of accredited social health activists during home visits.
A5 - Postnatal experiences and support needs of first-time mothers in Singapore: a descriptive qualitative study⁽¹¹11 Ong SF, Chan WCS, Shorey S, Chong YS, Klainin-Yobas P, He HG. Postnatal experiences and support needs of first-time mothers in Singapore: a descriptive qualitative study. Midwifery. 2014; 30(6):772-8. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.09.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.09.0... ⁾	2014 Singapore	Qualitative/ 13 primiparous mothers	Semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To explore first-time mothers' first postnatal experiences and support needs after the hospital in Singapore.
A6 - Adopción de prácticas saludables en puérperas adolescentes⁽¹²12 Rico DAP. Adopción de prácticas saludables en puérperas adolescentes. Rev Cuid. 2013; 4(1):450-8. doi: 10.15649/cuidarte.v4i1.4 https://doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v4i1.4... ⁾	2013 Colombia	Quantitative- Prospective/ 251 adolescent mothers and their NBs	Questionnaire/ Without intervention	To implement the Home Care Program for adolescent mothers who were admitted to Hospital Universitário ESE Erasmo Meoz and their NBs.
A7 - Práticas de cuidado do recém-nascido baseadas no contexto de vida da puérpera⁽⁵5 Baraldi NG, Praça NS. Práticas de cuidado do recém-nascido baseadas no contexto de vida da puérpera. Ciênc Cuid Saúde. 2013; 12(2):282-9. doi: 10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v12i2.19596 https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v... ⁾	2013 Brazil	Qualitative/ 20 puerperal women	Semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To verify care practices of NBs arising from the context of life of puerperal women users of a Basic Health Unit in the city of Rio Claro, SP.
A8 - Popular Knowledge in Care of the Newborn With Focus on Health Promotion⁽¹³13 Jesus ACP, Bandeira LPL, Araújo MFM, Gubert FA, Vieira NFC, Rebouças CBA. Popular knowledge in care of the newborn with focus on health promotion. Rev pesqui cuid fundam (Online). 2013; 5(2):3626-5. doi: 10.9789/2175-5361.2013v5n2p3626 https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2013v5... ⁾	2013 Brazil	Qualitative/ 15 mothers of NBs	Semi-structured interview and form/ Without intervention	To verify the influence of popular knowledge on NB care, with a focus on promoting children's health
A9 - Dificuldade dos pais no cuidar do recém-nascido⁽¹⁴14 Santos R, Cardoso B, Duarte V, Henriques CMG, Jorge S, Alexandre J. Dificuldade dos pais no cuidar do recém-nascido. Medwave. 2012;12(4):e5408. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2012.04.5408 https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2012.04.... ⁾	2012 Portugal	Quantitative - Non-experimental, cross-sectional/ 88 fathers/mothers	Questionnaire/ Without intervention	To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of parents of NBs at one month of age and identify the parents' difficulties in caring for NBs during the first month of life.
A10 - Influência intergeracional no cuidado do coto umbilical do recém-nascido⁽¹⁵15 Linhares EF, Silva LWS, Rodrigues VP, Araújo RT. Influência intergeracional no cuidado do coto umbilical do recém-nascido. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2012; 21(4):828-36. doi: 10.1590/S0104-07072012000400013 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201200... ⁾	2012 Brazil	Qualitative/ 29 subjects, 10 of them recently given birth and 19 family caregivers	Semi-structured interview and participant observation/ Without intervention	To know the generational interrelations that interfere in caring for the NBs' umbilical stump.
A11 - Cuidando do filho recém-nascido: vivência de adolescentes primíparas⁽¹⁶16 Morais AC, Campos CSC. Cuidando do filho recém-nascido: vivência de adolescentes primíparas. Rev Enferm UFPE. 2011; 5(10):2406-14. doi: 10.5205/reuol.2133-15571-1-LE.0510201110 https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.2133-15571... ⁾	2011 Brazil	Qualitative/ 8 primiparous adolescent mothers	Direct non-participant observation and semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To understand the experience of primiparous adolescents in relation to care for NBs and analyze the factors that interfere in NB care by the adolescent mother.
A12 - Cuidado familial de recém-nascidos no domicílio: um estudo de caso etnográfico⁽⁴4 Leandro JS, Christoffel MM. Cuidado familial de recém-nascidos no domicílio: um estudo de caso etnográfico. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2011;20(spe):223-31. doi: 10.1590/S0104-07072011000500028 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-0707201100... ⁾	2011 Brazil	Qualitative/18 family members of NBs	Open interview, medical records and participant observation/ Without intervention	To analyze the dynamics of family care for NBs at home, in the city of Piraí, RJ.
A13 - Noninstitutional births and newborn care practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh⁽¹⁷17 Rahman M, Haque SE, Zahan S, Islam O. Noninstitutional births and newborn care practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011; 40(3):262-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01240.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011... ⁾	2011 Bangladesh	Quantitative- demographic/ 580 adolescent women	Demographic health survey/ Without intervention	To describe NB home care practices among adolescent mothers in Bangladesh and identify sociodemographic factors related to prenatal care and factors associated with these practices.
A14 - Mãe adolescente cuidando do filho na primeira semana de vida⁽¹⁸18 Tomeleri KR, Marcon SS. Mãe adolescente cuidando do filho na primeira semana de vida. Rev bras Enferm. 2009; 62(3):355-61. doi: 10.1590/S0034-71672009000300004 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-7167200900... ⁾	2009 Brazil	Qualitative/ 6 adolescents	Semi-structured interview and participant observation/ Without intervention	To understand the experience of adolescent mothers in caring for their child in the first week of life.
A15 - General practice of teenage mothers caring for their children⁽¹⁹19 Tomeleri KR, Marcon SS. General practice of teenage mothers caring for their children. Acta Paul Enferm. 2009; 22(3):272-80. doi: 10.1590/S0103-21002009000300006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100200900... ⁾	2009 Brazil	Qualitative/ 6 adolescent mothers	Semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To identify and describe the popular care adopted by adolescent mothers in assisting their children in the first six months of life.
A16 - Vivência da puérpera-adolescente no cuidado do recém-nascido, no domicílio⁽²⁰20 Bergamaschi SFF, Praça NS. Vivência da puérpera-adolescente no cuidado do recém-nascido, no domicílio. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2008; 42(3):454-60. doi: 10.1590/S0080-62342008000300006 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-6234200800... ⁾	2008 Brazil	Qualitative/ 15 adolescent puerperal women	Semi-structured interview/ Without intervention	To understand how adolescent mothers experience childcare at home.

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[1] Corresponding author: Fernanda Garcia Bezerra Góes. E-mail: ferbezerra@gmail.com