Nutritional status and factors associated with non-institutionalized people over 75 years of age

Julio, María Pilar Molés; Clavero, Aurora Esteve; Soler, María Loreto Maciá

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0207

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Sumário

RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (3) • May-Jun 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0207 copy

Nutritional status and factors associated with non-institutionalized people over 75 years of age

Estado nutricional e fatores associados em pessoas acima de 75 anos não institucionalizadas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to determine the factors related to the risk of malnutrition in a non-institutionalized population over 75 years of age.

Method:

a cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire in a sample of 326 individuals over 75 years of age in Castellón (Spain), during 2015, and selected through intentional sampling.

Results:

Malnutrition prevalence was 2.8%. 26.9% of the individuals were at risk of malnutrition, whereas women presented a higher rate (31.5%). Women with a good overall health status showed a lower rate than men, 55% and 69%, respectively. Individuals that showed a lower risk of malnutrition are those with a positive perception than those who have a good overall health. Frail elderly people showed a higher risk of malnutrition (57.5%) compared to non-frail subjects (20.2%) p< 0.001.

Conclusion:

Frail women, self-assessed health, overall health, and use of health care services (nursing consultation) were related to a higher risk of malnutrition.

Descriptors:
Malnutrition; Quality of Life; Frail Elderly; Risk Factor; Nursing

Variables				Gender				p value
		Total		Men		Women
		N	%	n	%	n	%
Living arrangement	Alone	69	21.2	17	18.8	52	30.8	<0.001
Living arrangement	Accompanied	257	78.8	140	87.2	47	69.2	<0.001
Monthly income^* * Due to the level of unanswered questions for this variable (see Demaio 1980), the inferred values may not represent the characteristics of the population.	<600	29	11.4	10	8.1	19	14.5	0.010
	600-1200	144	56.7	63	51.2	81	61.8
	>1200	81	31.9	50	40.7	31	23.7
Overall health	Good	188	61.6	100	69.0	88	55.0	0.012
Overall health	Poor	117	38.4	45	31.0	72	45.0	0.012
Health perception	Good	200	65.6	101	69.7	99	61.9	0.153
Health perception	Poor	105	34.4	44	30.3	61	38.1	0.153
Attended a nursing consultation	Never	218	66.9	102	65.0	116	68.6	0.482
Attended a nursing consultation	Attended	108	33.1	55	35.0	53	31.4	0.482
Frailty	Yes	41	13.7	14	9.8	27	17.2	0.062
Frailty	No	259	86.3	129	90.2	130	82.8	0.062
Nutritional status	With risk	87	26.9	34	21.9	53	31.5	0.052
Nutritional status	No risk	236	73.1	121	78.1	115	68.5	0.052

Factors			Malnutrition		p value
		Total	With risk	No risk
		%	%	%
Living arrangement	Alone	21.4	14.9	23.7	0.087
Living arrangement	Accompanied	78.6	85.1	76.3	0.087
Monthly income	<600	11.5	13.6	10.8	0.101
	600-1200	56.7	65.2	53.8
	>1200	31.7	21.2	35.5
Health perception	Good	65.7	50.0	71.1	0.001
Health perception	Poor	34.3	50.0	28.9	0.001
Overall health	Good	62.0	48.7	66.7	0.005
Overall health	Poor	38.0	51.3	33.3	0.005
Attended a nursing appointment	Never	66.9	57.5	70.3	0.029
Attended a nursing appointment	Attended	33.1	42.5	29.7	0.029
Frailty	Yes	25.0	57.5	42.5	<0.001
Frailty	No	74.8	20.2	79.8	<0.001
Living arrangement/ Income	Alone + <600	2.8	3.0	2.7	0.082
	Alone + 600-1200	17.9	12.1	19.9
	Alone + >1200	2.0	1.5	2.2
	Accomp + <600	8.7	10.6	8.1
	Accomp + 600 1200	38.9	53.0	33.9
	Accomp + > 1200	29.8	19.7	33.3

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: María Pilar Molés Julio E-mail: mjulio@uji.es