Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Kantorski, Luciane Prado; Oliveira, Michele Mandagará de; Alves, Poliana Farias; Treichel, Carlos Alberto dos Santos; Coimbra, Valéria Cristina Christello; Gonçalves, Bianca Albuquerque; Borba, Larissa Silva de; Souza, Thylia Teixeira

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0517

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (Suppl 1) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0517 copy

Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Prevalência e fatores associados à má qualidade do sono entre profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Prevalencia y factores asociados a la mala calidad del sueño entre profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify the prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method:

a cross-sectional study, conducted in June and July 2020, with 890 nursing professionals. To screen the outcome, question 3 of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire was used, assessing poor sleep quality 30 days preceding the application of the questionnaire. Associations between variables of interest were tested using Poisson regression models.

Results:

the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 68%. Associated factors were moderate or heavy workload, poor assessment of working conditions, suspected infection with COVID-19, more than two thirds of the workload for pandemic and the use of psychotropic drugs.

Conclusion:

the study pointed out a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among nursing workers with an important relationship with working conditions.

Descriptors:
COVID-19; Nursing, Team; Nursing; Sleep Wake Disorders; Prevalence

	n	%	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted^a a Adjusted for sex, age, education, assessment of working conditions, burden, suspected infection, and current use of psychotropic drugs. RR = Relative Risks; CI = confidence intervals. RR (95% CI)	P value
Sex
Female	755	69.5	1		1
Male	135	59.2	0.85 (0.73-0.98)	0.034	0.86 (0.75-0.99)	0.044
Ethnicity
White	665	68.4	1		1
Mixed race	122	72.1	1.05 (0.93-1.19)	0.396	1.03 (0.93-1.15)	0.485
Black	103	60.1	0.87 (0.74-1.03)	0.129	0.90 (0.77-1.06)	0.236
Age
Up to 30	117	69.2	1		1
31 to 40	365	73.4	1.06 (0.92-1.21)	0.396	0.94 (0.82-1.07)	0.379
41 to 50	292	66.4	0.95 (0.82-1.11)	0.580	0.89 (0.77-1.03)	0.125
+51	116	53.4	0.77 (0.62-0.95)	0.015	0.76 (0.62-0.92)	0.007
Education
High school	330	62.1	1		1
Undergraduate education	212	69.8	1.12 (0.99-1.26)	0.061	1.12 (1.00-1.26)	0.042
Graduate education	348	72.4	1.16 (1.04-1.29)	0.005	1.16 (1.05-1.29)	0.003
Per capita income
Up to 1 minimum wage	205	67.8	1		1
Up to 2 minimum wages	305	67.2	0.99 (0.87-1.12)	0.889	0.95 (0.84-1.07)	0.429
Up to 3 minimum wages	132	65.1	0.96 (0.82- 1.12)	0.617	0.90 (0.77-1.05)	0.185
More than 3 minimum wages	168	72.0	1.06 (0.92-1.21)	0.375	0.96 (0.83-1.10)	0.580
Type of service
Primary Care	118	71.1	1		1
Outpatient	92	68.4	0.96 (0.80-1.15)	0.673	0.99 (0.83-1.18)	0.959
Emergency	84	70.2	0.98 (0.82-1.18)	0.884	0.97 (0.82-1.16)	0.817
Hospital	577	67.0	0.94 (0.82-1.07)	0.363	0.92 (0.81-1.05)	0.233
Administrative	19	63.1	0.88 (0.61-1.27)	0.517	0.92 (0.64-1.31)	0.663
Nursing category
Registered nurse	319	73.0	1		1
Nursing technician	501	66.4	0.90 (0.83-0.99)	0.043	1.04 (0.91-1.19)	0.482
Nursing assistant	70	55.7	0.76 (0.61-0.94)	0.016	0.96 (0.76-1.21)	0.769
Risk group
No	606	65.8	1		1
Yes	284	72.5	1.10 (1.00-1.20)	0.039	1.07 (0.98-1.17)	0.106
Assessment of working conditions
Great	325	59.3	1		1
Regular	409	68.2	1.14 (1.02-1.28)	0.015	1.07 (0.96-1.19)	0.193
Poor	156	85.2	1.43 (1.28-1.60)	<0.001	1.23 (1.10-1.38)	<0.001
COVID-19-specific training
No	319	67.7	1		1
Yes	571	68.1	1.00 (0.91-1.10)	0.899	1.00 (0.91-1.09)	0.958
Lack of Personal Protective Equipment
No	508	63.9	1
Yes	382	73.3	1.14 (1.04-1.25)	0.003	1.06 (0.98-1.16)	0.131
Burden
Light	343	51.6	1		1
Moderate	262	71.7	1.39 (1.22-1.57)	<0.001	1.32 (1.16-1.50)	<0.001
Heavy	285	84.2	1.63 (1.45-1.82)	<0.001	1.44 (1.28-1.62)	<0.001
Involvement with COVID-19 cases
None	288	59.3	1		1
Indirect work (e.g., administrative)	65	67.6	1.14 (0.93-1.38)	0.184	1.09 (0.91-1.30)	0.319
Contact with suspected cases	310	70.9	1.19 (1.06-1.34)	0.003	1.08 (0.96-1.22)	0.152
Contact with confirmed cases	277	74.8	1.26 (1.11-1.42)	<0.001	1.12 (0.99-1.26)	0.061
COVID-19 workload proportion
None	288	59.3	1		1
Up to one third	169	66.8	1.12 (0.97-1.29)	0.103	1.03 (0.90-1.18)	0.621
Up to two thirds	166	71.0	1.19 (1.04-1.37)	0.010	1.11 (0.97-1.27)	0.103
More than two thirds	267	76.0	1.28 (1.13-1.43)	<0.001	1.13 (1.01-1.27)	0.033
Suspected infection
No	574	62.0	1		1
Yes	316	78.8	1.27 (1.16-1.38)	<0.001	1.17 (1.07- 1.27)	<0.001
COVID-19 diagnosis among family or close friends
No	616	65.5	1		1
Yes	274	73.3	1.11 (1.02-1.22)	0.016	1.00 (0.92-1.10)	0.839
Degree of social restriction
Light	227	61.2	1		1
Moderate	568	70.4	1.15 (1.02-1.29)	0.019	1.11 (0.99-1.24)	0.059
Intense	95	69.4	1.13 (0.95-1.34)	0.143	1.12 (0.95-1.31)	0.152
Alcohol abuse
No	824	66.7	1		1
Yes	66	83.3	1.24 (1.10-1.40)	<0.001	1.10 (0.98-1.24)	0.085
Tobacco problems
No	748	66.7	1		1
Yes	142	74.6	1.11 (1.00-1.24)	0.042	1.09 (0.98-1.21)	0.099
Current use of psychotropic drugs
No	703	65.4	1		1
Yes	187	77.5	1.18 (1.07-1.30)	<0.001	1.13 (1.03-1.24)	0.009
TOTAL	890	68.0%

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[1] Corresponding author: Poliana Farias Alves, E-mail: polibrina@hotmail.com