Calidad de vida de profesionales de Salud de la Familia: una revisión sistemática y metasíntesis

Pennisi, Pedro Rogério Camargos; Alves, Natalia Caroline; Michelin, Pietra Sanitá; Medeiros-Souza, Lívia; Herval, Álex Moreira; Paranhos, Luiz Renato

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0645 copiar

Calidad de vida de profesionales de Salud de la Familia: una revisión sistemática y metasíntesis

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

desarrollar una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios cualitativos sobre la calidad de vida relacionada al trabajo de profesionales de Salud de la Familia.

Métodos:

la revisión sistemática se desarrolló para responder la siguiente pregunta pautada en metodología PVO: “¿Cuáles factores (variables) están asociados con la calidad de vida relacionada al trabajo (resultado) de profesionales de Estrategia Salud de la Familia (población)?”. Fueron seleccionadas las bases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, Science Direct, OpenThesis, OpenGrey y OATD. La metasíntesis analizó las categorías principales y subcategorías de todos los estudios incluidos.

Resultados:

la búsqueda en bases halló 1.744 registros, seis de ellos fueron considerados elegibles para la calidad de vida relacionada al trabajo: condiciones laborales, proceso de trabajo, relaciones interpersonales y aspectos personales.

Conclusiones:

Aunque este estudio confirme que algunos aspectos habitualmente relacionados con la calidad de vida son adecuados, hay otros factores importantes para los profesionales de Salud de la Familia, particularmente el ámbito laboral.

Descriptores:
Salud de la Familia; Revisión Sistemática; Calidad de Vida; Salud Laboral; Atención Primaria de Salud

Database	Search strategy (January 2019)	Results
PubMed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed	("Quality of Life"[All Fields] OR "Health Related Quality Of Life"[All Fields] OR "Health-Related Quality Of Life"[All Fields] OR "Life Quality"[All Fields] OR "HRQOL"[All Fields]) AND ("Family Health"[All Fields] OR "Family Health Strategy"[All Fields] OR "Primary Health Care"[All Fields]) AND ("Health Occupation"[All Fields] OR "Health Worker"[All Fields] OR "Health Profession"[All Fields] OR "Health Personnel"[All Fields] OR "Occupational Health"[All Fields])	204
Scopus http://www.scopus.com/	("Quality of Life" OR "Life Quality") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy" OR "Primary Health Care") AND ("Health Occupation" OR "Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel" OR "Occupational Health")	267
Scopus http://www.scopus.com/	("Quality of Life" OR "Health Related Quality Of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality Of Life" OR "Life Quality" OR "HRQOL") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy") AND ("Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel")	62
LILACS http://lilacs.bvsalud.org/	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("Health Personnel")	39
	("Qualidade de Vida") AND ("Saúde da Família") AND ("Saúde do Trabalhador")	30
	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("Health Workers")	52
SciELO http://www.scielo.org/	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("Health Personnel")	5
	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("Occupational Health")	5
	("quality of life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("health workers")	19
Web of Science http://apps.webofknowledge.com/	(("Quality of Life" OR "Health Related Quality Of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality Of Life" OR "Life Quality" OR "HRQOL") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy" OR "Primary Health Care") AND ("Health Occupation" OR "Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel" OR "Occupational Health"))	14
ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/	("Quality of Life" OR "Life Quality" OR "HRQOL") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy" OR "Primary Health Care") AND ("Health Occupation" OR "Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel" OR "Occupational Health")	878
Embase http://www.embase.com	('quality of life' OR 'health related quality of life' OR 'health-related quality of life' OR 'life quality' OR 'hrqol') AND ('family health' OR 'family health strategy' OR 'primary health care') AND ('health occupation' OR 'health worker' OR 'health profession' OR 'health personnel' OR 'occupational health')
OpenGrey http://www.opengrey.eu/	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health" OR "Primary Health Care") AND ("Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel")	0
OpenGrey http://www.opengrey.eu/	("Quality of Life") AND ("Family Health") AND ("Occupational Health")	0
OpenThesis http://www.openthesis.org/	("Quality of Life" OR "Health Related Quality Of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality Of Life" OR "Life Quality" OR "HRQOL") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy") AND ("Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel")	55
OATD https://oatd.org/	("Quality of Life" OR "Health Related Quality Of Life" OR "Health-Related Quality Of Life" OR "Life Quality" OR "HRQOL") AND ("Family Health" OR "Family Health Strategy") AND ("Health Worker" OR "Health Profession" OR "Health Personnel")	2
TOTAL		1,744

Author, year	State	Team type	Sample	Gender (n/%)	Age	Analysis type	Health professionals investigated
Maia et at., 2010	MG	Interview	36	F: 31; 91.18 M: 5; 8.82	20-30	Speech analysis	18 community health workers; 18 users.
Lopes et al., 2012	RS	Focus group	24	U	31-40	Speech analysis	24 community health workers.
Leite et al., 2014	SP	Interview	40	F: 31; 77.5 M: 9; 22.5	32.4^* * Mean; MG - Minas Gerais; RS - Rio Grande do Sul; SP - São Paulo; RJ - Rio de Janeiro; F - Female; M - Male; FHSC - Family Health Support Center.	Speech analysis	4 community health workers; 4 nutritionists; 4 physical educators; 5 psychologists; 1 pharmacist.
Bracarense et al., 2015	RJ	Interview	123	F: 114; 92.68 M: 9; 7.32	22-68	Speech analysis	12 nurses; 9 dentists; 66 community health workers; 14 nursing technicians; 10 oral health technicians.
Nascimento et al., 2016	SP	Focus group	20	U	U	Content analysis	FHSC professionals
Nascimento et al., 2017	SP	Focus group	20	U	U	Content analysis	FHSC professionals

Author, year	Main code	Secondary code
Maia et al., 2010	Concept of quality of life	Quality of life requires housing, sanitation, electricity, and health needs to be met; A long life depends on a high income; Health is a synonym for quality of life; Quality of life is associated with satisfying your subjective needs.
	Work and population's quality of life	Collective actions; Healing actions; Disease prevention and quality of life; Physical exercise; Activities to improve the quality of life of the population.
	Family health professional requires changes	Outpatient model; Lack of communication with the population; Lack of attention to users; Community health professionals believe they should have more activities related to improving quality of life.
Lopes et al., 2012	Pleasurable situations	Acknowledgment and effort at work; Possibility of working with peers; Use of creativity
Lopes et al., 2012	Suffering situations	Suffering from ignorance about functions; Suffering from working in a team; Obligation to live and work in the same place; Violence exposure; No appreciation of suffering.
Leite et al., 2014	FHSC infrastructure	Work resources; Lack of physical space.
	Overload and quality of life at work	Lack of institutional support; Work processes; Workload.
	Autonomy and identification with work	Resilience and growth; Personal satisfaction.
	Teamwork and interpersonal relationship	Communication; Respect; Provisions for working in a team.
Bracarence et al., 2015	Current vs. prescribed work	Difficulty of implementation; Great demand of cases; Matrix support and case studies are rarely used; Number of consultations and quality of service; Demotivation.
	Immediacy of curative culture present in professional practice	Immediacy of curative culture present in professional practice.
	Profile, overload, and job identification	Identification with the work; Work overload; Relationship with teams; Health care for professionals.
Nascimento et al., 2016	Identification of the proposal by FHSC professionals and work knowledge	One of the strengths of the professional is identifying the model proposed; Acknowledgment by patients and teams provides professionals with satisfaction and pleasure in their everyday work; Appreciation and acceptance of the FHSC as part of the FHS when a physical educator is included in the team; Autonomy and creative freedom generate pleasure in the job; The creation of educational groups for the community was also mentioned as an impact factor on the quality of life of the population; There is a dialectal perspective between the suffering and pleasure of professionals associated with disputes about power in the FHSC.
	Interdisciplinary work	Interdisciplinarity and teamwork are sources of pleasure and strength in the execution of the job; Experiences are exchanged through the relationships of workers from different areas, representing gains at work; Respect for diversity and differences in work routines are clear, and reporting on habits that may be learned and developed; Workers are happy to transcend their professional skills in the logic of interdisciplinarity.
	Permanent health education	There is appreciation, pleasure, and understanding related to permanent health education.
Nascimento et al., 2017	Acknowledgment at work	Acknowledgment and effort at work; Possibility of working with peers; Suffering from ignorance about functions; Suffering from working in a team; Obligation to live and work in the same place; Avoiding being misunderstood; No appreciation for suffering.

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[1] Corresponding author: Álex Moreira Herval. E-mail: informar alexmherval@ufu.br