Anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of dependent elderly people: an analytical study

Felipe, Sarah Giulia Bandeira; Oliveira, Camila Evangelista de Sousa; Silva, Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres; Mendes, Polyana Norberta; Carvalho, Khelyane Mesquita de; Lopes Silva-Júnior, Fernando; Figueiredo, Maria do Livramento Fortes

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0851

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (Suppl 1) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0851 copy

Anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of dependent elderly people: an analytical study

Ansiedad y depresión en cuidadores informales de ancianos dependientes: un estudio analítico

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the symptoms of anxiety and depression in informal caregivers of dependent elderly at home.

Methods:

Analytical, cross-sectional study conducted in the city of Teresina (PI), with informal caregivers of dependent elderly people. Data collection took place from November 2017 to February 2018, using a characterization form for the dependent elderly and their caregiver, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). The forward linear regression model was used to identify the predictive variables of anxiety and depression.

Results:

It was found that 18.4% of caregivers had symptoms of depression; and 14%, moderate to severe anxiety. There was a correlation between anxiety and depression (p = 0.000).

Conclusion:

The findings of this study make it possible to assess anxiety and depression in caregivers of dependent elderly people, making it possible, through these parameters, to view the profile and care demands of this population.

Descriptors:
Aged; Caregiver; Anxiety; Depression; Primary Health Care

Variables	Anxiety		p value
Variables	Normal to Moderate n(%)	Moderate to severe n(%)	p value
Does the caregiver live with the elderly person?			0.494¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	57	33
No	17	7
Is your main activity to be a caregiver for the elderly person?			0.162² 2 Fisher's exact test *CI: 95% , α = 0.005
Yes	65	39
No	9	1
Does the caregiver count on help to care for the elderly person?			0.159¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	50	32
No	24	8
Does the caregiver have help for BADLs?			0.670¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	47	27
No	27	13
Does the caregiver count on help for IADLs?			0.000² 2 Fisher's exact test *CI: 95% , α = 0.005
Yes	7	13
No	70	27
Does the caregiver have help with the therapeutic needs of the elderly person?			0.099¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	17	15
No	57	25
Does the caregiver have a disease/health problem?			0.008¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	29	26
No	45	14
Does the caregiver use any medication for continuous use?			0.000¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	24	27
No	50	13
Does the caregiver feel pain in the body?			0.003² 2 Fisher's exact test *CI: 95% , α = 0.005
Yes	50	37
No	24	3
Did these pains arise after the elderly person needed care?			0.074¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	21	18
No	53	22
Does the pain remain after the elderly person is cared for?			0.004¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	29	27
No	45	13
Do you have health and body changes after becoming a caregiver?			0.007¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	25	24
No	49	16
Caregiver's self-perceived health			0.000¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Good	45	7
Regular/bad	29	33
Total	74	40

Variables	Depression		p value
Variables	Without depression (n)	Symptoms of dysphoria and depression	p value
Does the caregiver live with the elderly person?			0.903¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	50	40
No	13	11
Is your main activity to be a caregiver for the elderly?			0.751² 2 Fisher's exact test *CI: 95% ; α =0.005
Yes	58	46
No	5	5
Does the caregiver count on help to care for the elderly?			0.895¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	45	37
No	18	14
Does the caregiver have help for BADLs?			0.663¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	42	32
No	21	19
Does the caregiver count on help for IADLs?			0.004² 2 Fisher's exact test *CI: 95% ; α =0.005
Yes	4	13
No	59	38
The caregiver has help with the therapeutic needs of the elderly (leisure, consultations, physiotherapy services)			0.260¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	15	17
No	48	34
Does the caregiver have a disease/health problem?			0.002¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	22	33
No	41	18
Does the caregiver use any medication for continuous use?			0.001¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	19	32
No	44	19
Does the caregiver feel pain in the body?			0.002¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	41	46
No	22	5
Did these pains arise after the elderly person needed care?			0.071¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	17	22
No	46	29
Does the pain remain after the elderly person is cared for?			0.025¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	25	31
No	38	20
Do you have changes in health after becoming a caregiver?			0.001¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Yes	18	31
No	45	20
Caregiver's self-perceived health			0.000¹ 1 Pearson's chi-square
Good	38	14
Regular/bad	25	37
Total	63	51

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[1] Corresponding author: Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres Silva E-mail: cynthiarobertatorres@gmail.com