Violencia contra los ancianos: análisis conceptual

análisis de concepto, según propuesta de Walker y Avant. La búsqueda del concepto estuvo mediada por una revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science y BDENF.

Resultados:

como antecedentes, se destacan el género femenino, familiar, bajo apoyo social y bajos ingresos o condiciones socioeconómicas. Los atributos fueron amenazas y/o intimidación, uso intencional de la fuerza física, uso de recursos sin su autorización, actividad sexual no deseada, oferta insuficiente de nutrientes al anciano y no satisfacción de las necesidades afectivas/emocionales del anciano. Las consecuencias fueron trastornos psicológicos, dependencia del agresor, ambiente de inseguridad y daño/pérdida de los derechos humanos o de la dignidad humana.

Consideraciones finales:

el fenómeno en discusión es amplio y multifacético, sugiriendo la ampliación de estudios relacionados con el tema para explorarlo en detalle.

Descriptores:
Anciano; Violencia; Abuso de Ancianos; Exposición a la Violencia; Formación de Concepto

Antecedents
Individual	Advanced age(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... 18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... 19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... -²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... 23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... 24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... -²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... ,³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... 34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... 35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... -³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... ), Female(¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... -¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... 25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... -²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... -²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... 34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... 35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... 36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... 37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... 45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... -⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Low education(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... -⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Single and/or widowed(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... ); Married(²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ); Limitations/physical dependence(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... -²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... 23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... -²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... ,²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... -²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... -³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... -⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ), Psychological and/or cognitive changes(¹³13 Ludvigsson M, Wiklund N, Swahnberg K, Simmons J. Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933... ,¹⁵15 Weissberger GH, Lim AC, Mosqueda L, Schoen J, Axelrod J, Nguyen AL, et al. Elder abuse in the COVID-19 era based on calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse resource line. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385-w https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385... 16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... -¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... -²¹21 Saghafi A, Bahramnezhad F, Poormollamiza A, Dadgan A, Navab E. Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2019;12(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.1115 https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.111... ,²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... -²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... ,²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... -²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... -³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Chronic and/or acute health conditions(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... -²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... -³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Financially dependent older adults(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... -²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... -³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Older adults’ aggressive behavior(²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ).
Relational	Conflicting and/or unstructured family environment(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ,⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Live with family member (son, grandson)(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... -²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... -³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Caused by family member(²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... 28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... -²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... -³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Male(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Relationship of trust with offender(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Caregiver stress and burnout(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... ); Caregiver cognitive and/or psychiatric impairment(³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Caregiver alcohol and/or drug abuse(³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ); Aggression history(³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Intergenerationality(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ).
Community	Low social support(¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... ,²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Social isolation (¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ).
Society	Low income or socioeconomic conditions(²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... ,³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... -⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Gender issues(²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... -³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... 45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... -⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Unemployment(²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ); Difficulty accessing protection services(¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,⁴⁵45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... ); Negative stereotypes about aging(³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Ethnic minority(³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Lack of knowledge of rights(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ).

Attributes
Psychological violence	Yelling(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Swearing and/or insults(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ); Nasty and humiliating comments(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Threats and/or intimidation(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... -⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Acts of contempt towards older adults and/or their autonomy(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ); Verbal discussions(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Rejection of older adults’ religious beliefs(²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ); Deprivation of rights (freedom) and decisions(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... -³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ); Older adults’ isolation from their social life(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ).
Physical violence	Intentional use of physical force(²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... -³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴⁵45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ) that cause pain or injury(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ); Scratches(²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... ,²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ); Slaps(³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Pushes(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Burns(³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Pinching(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ); Spanking(³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Kicks(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Punch and/or blow(³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Throwing and/or breaking objects(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Grasping(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ); Beating/hurting(³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... 38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... -³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Pulling body part(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ).
Financial violence	Stealing financial resources from older adults(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... -⁴⁵45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... ); Using resources without their authorization(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... 37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ); Unauthorized use of older adults’ identity for the acquisition of goods or other purposes(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Restricting and/or disregarding older adults’ financial autonomy(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... -³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Destroying older adults’ belongings(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ).
Sexual violence	Unwanted touching on or under clothing(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Sexual harassment(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... -³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Exhibition of older adults’ body parts(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Digital penetration(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ); Unwanted sexual activity(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴⁵45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... ); Unwanted kiss(³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ); Unwanted discussion of sexual acts/activity(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ).
Neglect	Offering low amounts of insufficient nutrients to older adults(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²¹21 Saghafi A, Bahramnezhad F, Poormollamiza A, Dadgan A, Navab E. Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2019;12(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.1115 https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.111... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... -⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... ); Omission of care for older adults(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... -²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... -³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Low quality of care among institutionalized older adults or ignoring demand from older adults(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... -³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Inadequate supply of medications(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Medication schedule delay(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... ).
Abandonment	Not meeting older adults’ affective/emotional needs(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Inattention or lack of personal contact with older adults(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Ostracism(²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ); Older adults feel unwanted(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ); Government desertion in offering help/protection to older adults(²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ); Social insecurity(²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ); Health care cuts(²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁷37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... ); Unconcern for older adults’ safety(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ).

Consequents
Individual	Damage and/or suffering(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... 23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... -²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... ,²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... 33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... 34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... 35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... 36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... 37 Mawar S, Koul P, Das S, Gupta S. Association of physical problems and depression with elder abuse in an urban community of North India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):165-9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_249_17... -³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ,⁴⁰40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ); Psychological disorders(¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... ,¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... -¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... 30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... -³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ,⁴⁴44 Hirt MC, Costa MC, Arboit J, Leite MT, Hesler LZ, Silva EB. Social representations of violence against women for a group of rural elderly. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2017;38(4):e68209. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.04.68209 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2017.0... ,⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Reversible physical damage(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... -¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ,²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... 40 Friedman L, Avila S, Friedman D, Meltzer W. Association between Type of Residence and Clinical Signs of Neglect in Older Adults. Gerontol. 2019;65(1):30-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029 https://doi.org/10.1159/000492029... 41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... -⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ); Irreversible physical damage(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... -⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ); Suicide attempt(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Death(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ,³⁹39 Oliveira KSM, Carvalho FPB, Oliveira LC, Simpson CA, Silva FTL, Martins AGC. Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2018;39:e57462. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.57462 https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2018.5... ,⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... -⁴³43 Eslami B, Di Rosa M, Barros H, Stankunas M, Torres-Gonzalez F, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, et al. Lifetime abuse and perceived social support among the elderly: a study from seven European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2017;27(4):686-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx047... ,⁴⁵45 McGarry J, Ali P, Hinchliff S. Older women, intimate partner violence and mental health: a consideration of the particular issues for health and healthcare practice. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(15-16):2177-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13490... -⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Loss or decrease in self-esteem and/or self-confidence(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ,³⁶36 Mahmoudian A, Chafiri RT, Alipour A, Shamsalinia A, Ghaffari F. The design and evaluation of psychometric properties for a questionnaire on elderly abuse by family caregivers among older adults on hemodialysis. 2018;13:555-63. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S149338... ); Decrease in quality of life(¹³13 Ludvigsson M, Wiklund N, Swahnberg K, Simmons J. Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933... ,¹⁵15 Weissberger GH, Lim AC, Mosqueda L, Schoen J, Axelrod J, Nguyen AL, et al. Elder abuse in the COVID-19 era based on calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse resource line. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385-w https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385... -¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... ,¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... -³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ); Alcohol abuse(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ); Sexually transmitted infection(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ); Social introspection(²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ,³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... ,⁵²52 Hohendorff JV, Paz AP, Freiras CPP, Lawrenz P, Habugzang LF. Caracterização da violência contra idosos a partir de casos notificados por profissionais da saúde. Rev SPAGESP [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2022 May 5];19(2):64-80. Available from: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-29702018000200006&lng=es http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?scr... ); Fear(²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... ,²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... -²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... ,³⁸38 Gerino E, Caldarera AM, Curti L, Brustia P, Rollè L. Intimate partner violence in the golden age: systematic review of risk and protective factors. Front Psychol. 2018;9(SEP):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01595... ); Unwanted pregnancy(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ).
Relational	Expenses related to offender rehabilitation(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ); Abortion(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ); Aggressor dependence (²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ); Distancing from family members(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ).
Community	Environment of insecurity(²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... ,²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... ).
Society	Damage/loss of human rights or human dignity(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... ,³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... -³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ,³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... ,⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ); Increase in mortality(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... ,¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... ,³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... ,⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... -⁴²42 Cooper C, Marston L, Barber J, Livingston D, Rapaport P, Higgs P, et al. Do care homes deliver person-centred care? a cross-sectional survey of staff-reported abusive and positive behaviours towards residents from the MARQUE (Managing Agitation and Raising Quality of Life) English national care home survey. PLoS One. 2018;13(3):e0193399. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.019... ,⁴⁶46 Rodrigues RAP, Monteiro EA, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Older adults abuse in three Brazilian cities. Rev Bras Enferm. 2017;70(4):783-91. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... ); Medical and hospital costs(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... ); Institutionalizations and/or hospitalizations(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... -¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... ,³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... ,⁴¹41 Winck DR, Alvarez AM. Perceptions of Family Health Strategy nurses about the causes of violence against the elderly. Rev APS. 2018;21(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.v21.16105 https://doi.org/10.34019/1809-8363.2018.... ); Social stigma related to marriage(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... ).

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[1] Corresponding author: Renata Clemente dos Santos-Rodrigues, E-mail: renata.clemente@hotmail.com

Author	Title	Year	Study design/ level of evidence
Li; Dong(¹²12 Li M, Dong X. Elder abuse and cognitive function among community-Dwelling older adults: does abuse history matter?. Soc Sci Med. 2022;297:114835. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022114835 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.20221... )	Elder abuse and cognitive function among community-Dwelling older adults: Does abuse history matter?	2022	Cross-sectional V
Ludvigsson et al.(¹³13 Ludvigsson M, Wiklund N, Swahnberg K, Simmons J. Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02933... )	Experiences of elder abuse: a qualitative study among victims in Sweden	2022	Cross-sectional V
Dominguez; Storey; Glorney(¹⁴14 Dominguez SF, Storey JE, Glorney E. Characterizing elder abuse in the UK: a description of cases reported to a national helpline. J App Gerontol. 2022;41(11):2392-403. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648221109513 https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464822110951... )	Characterizing Elder Abuse in the UK: A Description of Cases Reported to a National Helpline	2022	Cross-sectional V
Weissberger et al.(¹⁵15 Weissberger GH, Lim AC, Mosqueda L, Schoen J, Axelrod J, Nguyen AL, et al. Elder abuse in the COVID-19 era based on calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse resource line. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385-w https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03385... )	Elder abuse in the COVID-19 era based on calls to the National Center on Elder Abuse resource line	2022	Cross-sectional V
Souza et al.(¹⁶16 Sousa RCR, Araújo GKN, Souto RQ, Santos RC, Almeida LR. Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3394. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3394 https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.4039.3... )	Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study	2021	Analytical IV
Botngård et al.(¹⁷17 Botngård A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Resident-to-resident aggression in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623-7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01623... )	Elder abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study	2021	Analytical IV
Alarcon et al.(¹⁸18 Alarcon MFS, Damaceno DG, Cardoso BC, Sponchiado VBY, Braccialli LAD, Marin MJS. The elderly’s perception about the experience violence. Rev Baiana Enferm. 2020;34. https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825 https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v34.34825... )	Percepção do idoso acerca da violência vivida	2020	Descriptive VI
Meyer et al.(¹⁹19 Meyer SR, Lasater ME, Garcia-Moreno C. Violence against older women: a systematic review of qualitative literature. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:1-43. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239560 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023... )	Violence against older women: A systematic review of qualitative literature	2020	Qualitative systematic review V
Hazrati et al.(²⁰20 Hazrati M, Mashayekh M, Sharifi N, Motalebi SA. Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667-9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01667... )	Screening for domestic abuse and its relationship with demographic variables among elderly individuals referred to primary health care centers of Shiraz in 2018	2020	Analytical IV
Saghafi et al.(²¹21 Saghafi A, Bahramnezhad F, Poormollamiza A, Dadgan A, Navab E. Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review. J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2019;12(7):1-18. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.1115 https://doi.org/10.18502/jmehm.v12i7.111... )	Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review	2019	Systematic review V
Santos et al.(²²22 Santos AMR, Nolêto RDS, Rodrigues RAP, Andrade EMLR, Bonfim EG, Rodrigues TS. Economic-financial and patrimonial elder abuse: a documentar study. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2019;53:e03417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2017043803417 https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X201704... )	Abuso econômico-financeiro e patrimonial de idosos: um estudo documental	2019	Cross-sectional V
Yon et al.(²³23 Yon Y, Ramiro-Gonzalez M, Mikton CR, Huber M, Sethi D. The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health. 2019;29(1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky093... )	The prevalence of elder abuse in institutional settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis	2019	Systematic review I
Neuberg et al.(²⁴24 Neuberg M, Meštroviü T, Ribiü R, Šubariü M, Canjuga I, Kozina G. Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care. Psychiatr Danub [Internet] 2019[cited 2022 May 5];31(Suppl 3):345-53. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31488751... )	Contrasting vantage points between caregivers and residents on the perception of elder abuse and neglect during long-term care	2019	Cross-sectional V
Jeon et al.(²⁵25 Jeon GS, Cho SI, Choi K, Jang KS. Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(1):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010100... )	Gender Differences in the Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Older Population in Korea	2019	Cross-sectional V
Maia et al.(²⁶26 Maia PHS, Ferreira EF, Melo EM, Vargas AMD. Occurrence of violence in the elderly and its associated factors. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0014 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... )	A ocorrência da violência em idosos e seus fatores associados	2019	Cross-sectional V
Santos et ael.(²⁷27 Santos AMR, Silva FL, Rodrigues RAP, Sá GGM, Santos JDM, Andrade EMLR, et al. Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(Suppl 2):328-36. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0703 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0... )	Financial-patrimonial elder abuse: an integrative review	2019	Integrative review V
Rodrigues et al.(²⁸28 Rodrigues RAP, Santos AMR, Pontes MLF, Monteiro EA, Fhon JRS, Bolina AF, et al. Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0211806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211806 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.021... )	Report of multiple abuse against older adults in three Brazilian cities	2019	Retrospective and longitudinal study IV
Joyce(²⁹29 Joyce CM. Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care. Australas J Ageing. 2020;39(3):269-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752 https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12752... )	Prevalence and nature of resident-to-resident abuse incidents in Australian residential aged care	2019	Retrospective cohort IV
Mileski et al.(³⁰30 Mileski M, Lee K, Bourquard C, Cavazos B, Dusek K, Kimbrough K, et al. Preventing the abuse of residents with dementia or alzheimer’s disease in the long-term care setting: systematic review. Clin Interv Aging. 2019;14:1797-815. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678 https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S216678... )	Preventing The Abuse Of Residents With Dementia Or Alzheimer’s Disease In The Long-Term Care Setting: A Systematic Review	2019	Systematic review I
Burnes et al(³¹31 Burnes D, Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada M. Help-Seeking among victims of elder abuse: findings from the national elder mistreatment study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2019;74(5):891-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122 https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby122... )	Help-Seeking Among Victims of Elder Abuse: From the National Elder Mistreatment Study	2019	Cross-sectional V
Naderi et al.(³²32 Naderi Z, Gholamzadeh S, Zarshenas L, Ebadi A. Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-8 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1331-... )	Hospitalized elder abuse in Iran: a qualitative study	2019	Descriptive VI
Castro et al.(³³33 Castro VC, Rissardo LK, Carreira L. Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018;71(suppl 2):777-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0139 https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0... )	Violência contra os idosos brasileiros: uma análise das internações hospitalares	2018	Analytical IV
Phelan(³⁴34 Phelan A. The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives. Nurs Res Rev. 2018;8:15-22. https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936 https://doi.org/10.2147/NRR.S148936... )	The role of the nurse in detecting elder abuse and neglect: current perspectives	2018	Qualitative systematic review V
Silva et al.(³⁵35 Silva GCN, Almeida VL, Brito TRP, Godinho MLSC, Nogueira DA, Chini LT. Violence against elderly people: a documentary analysis. Aquichan. 2018;18(4):449-60. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7 https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.4.7... )	Violência contra idosos: uma análise documental	2018	Analytical IV
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