Advanced mobile prehospital nursing care for elderly people post-trauma: integrative review

Thematic area	Name of the journal	n	%
Nursing	Journal of Trauma Nursing	4	15.4
	Critical Care Nursing Quarterly - Journals	1	3.9
	Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research	1	3.9
	Nursing Midwifery Studies Journal	1	3.9
	Revista de Enfermagem UFPE On Line	1	3.9
	International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing	1	3.9
	Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal	1	3.9
	Journal of Clinical Nursing	1	3.9
Trauma/ surgery	Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery	3	11.5
	The American Surgeon	1	3.9
	Trauma Monthly (An International Journal in the Field of Trauma and Emergency Medicine)	1	3.9
	Injury - International Journal of the Care of the Injured	1	3.9
Prehospital	Prehospital Emergency Care Journal	5	19.2
Prehospital	Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Journal	1	3.9
Geriatrics	Journal of the American Geriatrics Society	1	3.9
Other	South African Medical Journal	1	3.9
Other	Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal	1	3.9

Title	Objective	Outline/Sample	Publication year /Level of evidence
Evidence-basedthermoregulation for adult trauma patients⁽¹⁷17 Block J, Lilienthal M, Cullen L, White A. Evidence-based thermoregulation for adult trauma patients. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2012;35(1):50-63. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31823d3e9b https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31823d... ⁾	To develop a protocol for implementing the evaluating care with thermoregulation, based on evidence, for adult patients with trauma during the treatment in the emergency department.	Cohort -	2012/V
Development of a geriatric resuscitation protocol, utilization compliance, and outcomes⁽¹⁸18 Bourg P, Richey M, Salottolo K, Mains CW. Development of a geriatric resuscitation protocol, utilization compliance, and outcomes. J Trauma Nurs. 2012;19(1):50-6. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822b80f5 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822b... ⁾	To develop a protocol for geriatric resuscitation based on lactate measures, to consult geriatric trauma surgeons to assess the compliance to the protocol and analyze the outcomes before and after implementing the protocol	Cohort Pre-implementation n=1157 Post-implementation n=585	2012/IV
High-risk geriatric protocol: improving mortality in the elderly⁽¹⁹19 Bradburn E, Rogers FB, Krasne M, Rogers A, Horst MA, Beelan MJ, et al. High-risk geriatric protocol: improving mortality in the elderly. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(2):435-40. Erratum in: J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(4):1035. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31825c7cf4 https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31825c7... ⁾	To asses the efficiency of a protocol for high-risk geriatric patients used during the last five years	Transversal n=4.534	2012/IV
Assessing guidelines for the discontinuation of prehospital peripheral intravenous catheters⁽²⁰20 Clemen LJ, Heldt KA, Jones K, Baker LL, Pacha J, Hurm L, et al. Assessing guidelines for the discontinuation of prehospital peripheral intravenous catheters. J Trauma Nurs. 2012;19(1):46-9. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822e5998 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822e... ⁾	To identify the period in which peripheral intravenous catheters (PVC) punctured during Prehospital Care (PHC) of trauma patients were removed and to determine the complication rate at the moment of discontinuing the PVC.	Transversal n=365	2012/IV
A comparison between the effects of simple and traction splints on pain intensity in patients with femur fractures⁽²¹21 Irajpour A, Kaji NS, Nazari F, Azizkhani R, Zadeh AH. A comparison between the effects of simple and traction splints on pain intensity in patients with femur fractures. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Nov 1];17(7):530-3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730458/. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾	To determine and compare the effects of using traction and simple splints over pain intensity immediately after, and one, six, and twelve hours after, for patients with femur fractures care for in medical centers of an Iranian university.	Quasi-experimental n=32	2012/IV
Association between a Geriatric Trauma Resuscitation Protocol using venous lactate measurements and early trauma surgeon involvement and mortality risk⁽²²22 Bar-Or D, Salottolo KM, Orlando A, Mains CW, Bourg P, Offner PJ. Association between a geriatric trauma resuscitation protocol using venous lactate measurements and early trauma surgeon involvement and mortality risk. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(8):1358-64. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12365 https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12365... ⁾	To investigate if the implementation of a geriatric resuscitation protocol using lactate-guided therapy with the involvement of trauma surgeons is connected to lower mortality during the precocious recognition of occult hypoperfusion.	Prospective Cohortn=1.998	2013/IV
The quality of pre-hospital oxygen therapy in patients with multiple trauma: a cross-sectional study⁽²³23 Adib-Hajbaghery M, Maghaminejad F, Paravar M. The quality of pre-hospital oxygen therapy in patients with multiple trauma: a cross-sectional study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(3):e14274. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.14274 https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.14274... ⁾	To investigate the quality of prehospital oxygen therapy for multiple trauma patients.	Transversal n=350	2014/IV
Efficacy of prehospital spine and limb immobilization in multiple trauma patients⁽²⁴24 Adib-Hajbaghery M, Maghaminejad F, Rajabi M. Efficacy of prehospital spine and limb immobilization in multiple trauma patients. Trauma Mon. 2014;19(3):e16610. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.16610 https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.16610... ⁾	To investigate the epidemiology of trauma and the quality of cervical spine and limb immobilization in multiple trauma patients in Iran	Transversaln=400	2014/IV
Utilization of prehospital intravenous access⁽²⁵25 Bester BH, Sobuwa S. Utilization of prehospital intravenous access. S Afr Med J. 2014;104(9):615¬8. doi: 10.7196/samj.7969 https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.7969... ⁾	To describe the use of intravenous therapy (IV) in the South-African prehospital scenario and to determine the proportion of intravenous access considered unnecessary when classified into the South-African triage classification chart.	Transversal n=242	2014/IV
Cervical Spine Fractures in elderly patients with hip fracture after low-level fall: an opportunity to refine prehospital spinal immobilization guidelines?⁽²⁶26 Boland LL, Satterlee PA, Jansen PR. Cervical spine fractures in elderly patients with hip fracture after low-level fall: an opportunity to refine prehospital spinal immobilization guidelines? Prehosp Disaster Med J. 2014;29(1):96-9. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X14000041 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X1400004... ⁾	To explore the prevalence of cervical spine fracture in elderly population with fracture of long bones due to low-level falls, in the state of Minnesota, United States	Transversal n=1.394	2014/IV
The implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based statewide prehospital pain management protocol developed using the National Prehospital Evidence-based Guideline Model Process for Emergency Medical Services⁽²⁷27 Brown KM, Hirshon JM, Alcorta R, Weik TS, Lawner B, Ho S, et al. The implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based statewide prehospital pain management protocol developed using the national prehospital evidence-based guideline model process for emergency medical services. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18(Suppl 1):44-51. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2013.831510 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.83... ⁾	To access the impact of adopting a handling protocol in PHC, Maryland Institute for Medical Emergency, United States.	Transversal n=19.910	2017/IV
Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context⁽²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ⁾	To describe the development of an evidence-based care bundle for initial nursing evaluation of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) for a Thai emergency context	Transversal -	2014/ IV
Infrequent assessment of pain in elderly trauma patients⁽²⁹29 Spilman SK, Baumhover LA, Lillegraven CL, Lederhaas G, Sahr SM, Schirmer LL, et al. Infrequent assessment of pain in elderly trauma patients. J Trauma Nurs. 2014;21(5):229-35;quiz 236-7. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000070 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.000000000000... ⁾	The study's main objective was to identify and describe patterns for pain evaluation for a geriatric trauma population (≥ 65 years). Specific objectives: to describe the frequency of pain evaluation and to determine if the evaluations are being performed in the intervals demanded by hospital protocols. To describe pain evaluation methods to verify if self-reporting and behavioral tools were fit.	Transversal n=587	2014/IV
Systolic blood pressure criteria in the National Trauma Triage Protocol for geriatric trauma: 110 is the new 90⁽³⁰30 Brown JB, Gestring ML, Forsythe RM, Stassen NA, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB, et al. Systolic blood pressure criteria in the National Trauma Triage Protocol for geriatric trauma: 110 is the new 90. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(2):352-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000523. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000... ⁾	To assess the impact on mortality by substituting for systolic blood pressure SBP < 110 mmHg in the triage of adult and elderly patients of The National Trauma Triage Protocol.	Retrospective cohort n=1.555.944	2015/IV
Using an evidence-based care bundle to improve initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury⁽³¹31 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Using an evidence-based care bundle to improve initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(23-24):3365-73. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12923 https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12923... ⁾	General objective: to test the feasibility of an evidence-based care bundle in a Thai emergency service.Specific objective: to examine the impact of implementing the care bundle on initial nursing care for patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).	Cohort Pre-test n=20 Post-test n=25	2015/II
Activation of massive transfusion for elderly trauma patients⁽³²32 Murry JS, Zaw AA, Hoang DM, Mehrzadi D, Tran D, Nuno M, et al. Activation of massive transfusion for elderly trauma patients. Am Surg [Internet]. 2015[cited 2017 Nov 1];81(10):945-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26463286 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646... ⁾	To revise the use of massive transfusion protocol (MTP) for elderly patients. To compare results after activating MTP in elderly trauma patients for their younger counterparts to determine whether older age predicts higher mortality after activating the MTP.	Transversal n=66	2015/IV
Intravenous access in the prehospital settings: what can be learned from point-of-injury experience⁽³³33 Nadler R, Gendler S, Benov A, Shina A, Baruch E, Twig G, et al. Intravenous access in the prehospital settings: what can be learned from point-of-injury experience. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79(2):221-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000723 https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000... ⁾	To analyze prehospital data on peripheral venous access and to validate the clinical practice guidelines by the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.	Cohort n=1082	2015/IV
Pain management in trauma patients in (pre)hospital based emergency care: current practice versus new guideline⁽³⁴34 Scholten AC, Berben SA, Westmaas AH, van Grunsven PM, de Vaal ET, Rood PP, et al. Pain management in trauma patients in (pre)hospital based emergency care: current practice versus new guideline. Injury. 2015;46(5):798-806. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.10... ⁾	To evaluate id the current pain handling practice is in compliance to the Pain managements for trauma patients in the chain of emergency care of the Association for Emergency Nurses, in Dutch, Netherlands. And to assess the precocious pain treatment for traumatized adults in emergency care.	Transversal n=1.066	2015/IV
Identification of a neurologic scale that optimizes EMS detection of older adult traumatic brain injury patients who require transport to a trauma center⁽³⁵35 Wasserman EB, Shah MN, Jones CMC, Cushman JT, Caterino JM, Bazarian JJ, et al. Identification of a neurologic scale that optimizes EMS detection of older adult traumatic brain injury patients who require transport to a trauma center. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015;19(2):202-12. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.959225 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2014.95... ⁾	To identify a scale or its components that may enhance the detection of elderly patients with EMS, who need to be transported to a trauma center, regardless of the trauma mechanism.	Transversal n=15	2015/V
Patients immobilized with a long spine board rarely have unstable thoracolumbar injuries⁽³⁶36 Clemency BM, Bart JA, Malhotra A, Klun T, Campanella V, Lindstrom HA. Patients immobilized with a long spine board rarely have unstable thoracolumbar injuries. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(2):266-72. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2015.1086845 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2015.10... ⁾	To determine the prevalence of unstable thoracolumbar injuries among patients who underwent spine immobilization during PHC.	Transversal n=5.593	2016/IV
The quality of pre-hospital circulatory management in patients with multiple trauma referred to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, in the First Six Months of 2013⁽³⁷37 Maghaminejad F, Adib-Hajbaghery M. The quality of pre-hospital circulatory management in patients with multiple trauma referred to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, in the first six months of 2013. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;5(2):e32708. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal32708 https://doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal32708... ⁾	To investigate the quality of treatment for circulation priority in PHC of multiple trauma patients.	Transversal n=400	2015/IV
The use of broad geriatric evaluation by nurses from an emergency hospital⁽³⁸38 Assis EM, Lucena KDT, Luz NS, Deininger LSC, Pedrosa AK, Oliveira ECT. The use of broad geriatric evaluation by nurses from an emergency hospital. Rev Enferm UFPE on line. 2016;10(12):4481-6. doi: 10.5205/reuol.9978-88449-6-ED1012201607 https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.9978-88449... ⁾	To identify whether the Broad Geriatric Evaluation (BGE) is used as a tool by nurses in geriatric triage.	Transversal n=15	2016/IV
Delta Alerts: changing outcomes in geriatric trauma⁽³⁹39 Wiles LL, Day MD, Harris L. Delta Alerts: changing outcomes in geriatric trauma. J Trauma Nurs. 2016;23(4):189-93. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000215 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.000000000000... ⁾	To stablish a third level trauma alert for geriatric trauma.	Transversal -	2016/VI
Prehospital fluid administration in trauma patients: a survey of state protocols⁽⁴⁰40 Dadoo S, Grover JM, Keil LG, Hwang KS, Brice JH, Platts-Mills TF. Prehospital fluid administration in trauma patients: a survey of state protocols. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(5):605-9. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1315202 https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.13... ⁾	To characterize emergency medical services protocols for intravenous fluid administration during the initial treatment of hypotensive trauma patients.	Transversal n=27	2017/IV
Initial testing of a behavioral pain assessment tool within trauma units⁽⁴¹41 Gregory J. Initial testing of a behavioural pain assessment tool within trauma units. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2017;24:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2016.08.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2016.08.... ⁾	To assess the results of initial test of the Bolton Pain Assessment Tool (BPAT).	Transversal n=46	2017/IV
Do EMS providers accurately ascertain anticoagulant and antiplatelet use in older adults with head trauma?⁽⁴²42 Nishijima DK, Gaona S, Waechter T, Maloney R, Bair T, Blitz A, et al. Do EMS providers accurately ascertain anticoagulant and antiplatelet use in older adults with head trauma? Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(2):209-15. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2016.1218985 https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2016.12... ⁾	To identify if health professionals have evaluated the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet for severe brain injury elderly patients.	Transversal n=2.110	2016/IV

Thematic category	Nursing interventions identified in the studies of the integrative review
Nursing interventions: circulation with hemorrhage control	Measuring blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)⁽¹⁸18 Bourg P, Richey M, Salottolo K, Mains CW. Development of a geriatric resuscitation protocol, utilization compliance, and outcomes. J Trauma Nurs. 2012;19(1):50-6. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822b80f5 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822b... ^-¹⁹19 Bradburn E, Rogers FB, Krasne M, Rogers A, Horst MA, Beelan MJ, et al. High-risk geriatric protocol: improving mortality in the elderly. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(2):435-40. Erratum in: J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(4):1035. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31825c7cf4 https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31825c7... ^,²²22 Bar-Or D, Salottolo KM, Orlando A, Mains CW, Bourg P, Offner PJ. Association between a geriatric trauma resuscitation protocol using venous lactate measurements and early trauma surgeon involvement and mortality risk. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(8):1358-64. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12365 https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12365... ^,²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ^,³⁰30 Brown JB, Gestring ML, Forsythe RM, Stassen NA, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB, et al. Systolic blood pressure criteria in the National Trauma Triage Protocol for geriatric trauma: 110 is the new 90. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(2):352-9. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000523. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000... ⁾; controlling active bleeding through an adequate bandage on the injury⁽⁴⁰40 Dadoo S, Grover JM, Keil LG, Hwang KS, Brice JH, Platts-Mills TF. Prehospital fluid administration in trauma patients: a survey of state protocols. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(5):605-9. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1315202 https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.13... ⁾; Guaranteeing antisepsis for inserting the intravascular device. Inserting a thick intravascular device away from the wounded area. Limiting attempts to insert the intravascular device⁽²⁰20 Clemen LJ, Heldt KA, Jones K, Baker LL, Pacha J, Hurm L, et al. Assessing guidelines for the discontinuation of prehospital peripheral intravenous catheters. J Trauma Nurs. 2012;19(1):46-9. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822e5998 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0b013e31822e... ^,²⁵25 Bester BH, Sobuwa S. Utilization of prehospital intravenous access. S Afr Med J. 2014;104(9):615¬8. doi: 10.7196/samj.7969 https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.7969... ^,³³33 Nadler R, Gendler S, Benov A, Shina A, Baruch E, Twig G, et al. Intravenous access in the prehospital settings: what can be learned from point-of-injury experience. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;79(2):221-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000000723 https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000... ⁾; Initiating volume replacement therapy⁽³²32 Murry JS, Zaw AA, Hoang DM, Mehrzadi D, Tran D, Nuno M, et al. Activation of massive transfusion for elderly trauma patients. Am Surg [Internet]. 2015[cited 2017 Nov 1];81(10):945-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26463286 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2646... ⁾ and controlling infusion volume⁽²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ^,³⁷37 Maghaminejad F, Adib-Hajbaghery M. The quality of pre-hospital circulatory management in patients with multiple trauma referred to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, in the first six months of 2013. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;5(2):e32708. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal32708 https://doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal32708... ^,⁴⁰40 Dadoo S, Grover JM, Keil LG, Hwang KS, Brice JH, Platts-Mills TF. Prehospital fluid administration in trauma patients: a survey of state protocols. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(5):605-9. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2017.1315202 https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.13... ⁾; Examining the injured limb (feeling, movement, distal pulse and color)⁽³⁷37 Maghaminejad F, Adib-Hajbaghery M. The quality of pre-hospital circulatory management in patients with multiple trauma referred to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, in the first six months of 2013. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;5(2):e32708. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal32708 https://doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal32708... ⁾; Immobilizing fractured limbs⁽²¹21 Irajpour A, Kaji NS, Nazari F, Azizkhani R, Zadeh AH. A comparison between the effects of simple and traction splints on pain intensity in patients with femur fractures. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Nov 1];17(7):530-3. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3730458/. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾, one articulation above and the other below the injured area and selecting the right splint size to fixate fractures⁽²⁴24 Adib-Hajbaghery M, Maghaminejad F, Rajabi M. Efficacy of prehospital spine and limb immobilization in multiple trauma patients. Trauma Mon. 2014;19(3):e16610. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.16610 https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.16610... ⁾; Removing clothing from injured limbs, without handling fractures in the trauma scene⁽³⁷37 Maghaminejad F, Adib-Hajbaghery M. The quality of pre-hospital circulatory management in patients with multiple trauma referred to the trauma center of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran, in the first six months of 2013. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;5(2):e32708. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal32708 https://doi.org/10.17795/nmsjournal32708... ⁾.
Nursing interventions: disfunction, neurological state	Evaluating pain in elderly people through evaluation scales⁽²⁹29 Spilman SK, Baumhover LA, Lillegraven CL, Lederhaas G, Sahr SM, Schirmer LL, et al. Infrequent assessment of pain in elderly trauma patients. J Trauma Nurs. 2014;21(5):229-35;quiz 236-7. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000070 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.000000000000... ^,⁴¹41 Gregory J. Initial testing of a behavioural pain assessment tool within trauma units. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2017;24:3-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2016.08.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijotn.2016.08.... ⁾ and treating pain⁽²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ⁾ in patients with fractures, contusions, soft tissue injuries with rest, ice, compression, and elevation⁽²⁷27 Brown KM, Hirshon JM, Alcorta R, Weik TS, Lawner B, Ho S, et al. The implementation and evaluation of an evidence-based statewide prehospital pain management protocol developed using the national prehospital evidence-based guideline model process for emergency medical services. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014;18(Suppl 1):44-51. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2013.831510 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.83... ^,³⁴34 Scholten AC, Berben SA, Westmaas AH, van Grunsven PM, de Vaal ET, Rood PP, et al. Pain management in trauma patients in (pre)hospital based emergency care: current practice versus new guideline. Injury. 2015;46(5):798-806. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2014.10.045 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2014.10... ⁾; Evaluating the level of consciousness with the Glasgow Comma Scale (GCS), emphasizing the alertness level and whether the patient responds to commands⁽²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ^,³⁵35 Wasserman EB, Shah MN, Jones CMC, Cushman JT, Caterino JM, Bazarian JJ, et al. Identification of a neurologic scale that optimizes EMS detection of older adult traumatic brain injury patients who require transport to a trauma center. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015;19(2):202-12. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.959225 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2014.95... ⁾; Evaluating pupil response⁽²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ^,³¹31 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Using an evidence-based care bundle to improve initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(23-24):3365-73. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12923 https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12923... ⁾.
Nursing interventions: airways with cervical spine protection	Selecting the appropriate cervical collar⁽³⁶36 Clemency BM, Bart JA, Malhotra A, Klun T, Campanella V, Lindstrom HA. Patients immobilized with a long spine board rarely have unstable thoracolumbar injuries. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2016;20(2):266-72. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2015.1086845 https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2015.10... ⁾; Keep the patient's head in a neutral position (without rotation, flexion or extension); aligning head, body and limbs in a neutral position⁽²⁴24 Adib-Hajbaghery M, Maghaminejad F, Rajabi M. Efficacy of prehospital spine and limb immobilization in multiple trauma patients. Trauma Mon. 2014;19(3):e16610. doi: 10.5812/traumamon.16610 https://doi.org/10.5812/traumamon.16610... ^,²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ⁾; Being attentive to cervical being reports by elderly people⁽²⁶26 Boland LL, Satterlee PA, Jansen PR. Cervical spine fractures in elderly patients with hip fracture after low-level fall: an opportunity to refine prehospital spinal immobilization guidelines? Prehosp Disaster Med J. 2014;29(1):96-9. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X14000041 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X1400004... ⁾.
Nursing interventions: secondary evaluation	Collecting data on the mechanism of trauma⁽³⁹39 Wiles LL, Day MD, Harris L. Delta Alerts: changing outcomes in geriatric trauma. J Trauma Nurs. 2016;23(4):189-93. doi: 10.1097/JTN.0000000000000215 https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.000000000000... ⁾, use of medicines⁽⁴²42 Nishijima DK, Gaona S, Waechter T, Maloney R, Bair T, Blitz A, et al. Do EMS providers accurately ascertain anticoagulant and antiplatelet use in older adults with head trauma? Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(2):209-15. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2016.1218985 https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2016.12... ⁾ and age⁽³⁸38 Assis EM, Lucena KDT, Luz NS, Deininger LSC, Pedrosa AK, Oliveira ECT. The use of broad geriatric evaluation by nurses from an emergency hospital. Rev Enferm UFPE on line. 2016;10(12):4481-6. doi: 10.5205/reuol.9978-88449-6-ED1012201607 https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.9978-88449... ⁾.
Nursing interventions: ventilation and breathing	Performing pulmonary auscultation. Assessing breathing rhythm. Evaluating oxygen saturation. Administrating oxygen⁽²³23 Adib-Hajbaghery M, Maghaminejad F, Paravar M. The quality of pre-hospital oxygen therapy in patients with multiple trauma: a cross-sectional study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(3):e14274. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.14274 https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.14274... ^,²⁸28 Damkliang J, Considine J, Kent B, Street M. Initial emergency nursing management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury: development of an evidence-based care bundle for the Thai emergency department context. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2014;17(4):152-60. doi: 10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2014.05.0... ⁾.
Nursing interventions: environment exposition/control	Document environmental temperature. Providing blankets and warming fluids⁽¹⁷17 Block J, Lilienthal M, Cullen L, White A. Evidence-based thermoregulation for adult trauma patients. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2012;35(1):50-63. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31823d3e9b https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ.0b013e31823d... ⁾.

[1] Corresponding Author: Gláucia Costa Degani E-mail: glau_degani@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Advanced mobile prehospital nursing care for elderly people post-trauma: integrative review

Atención prehospitalaria móvil avanzada de enfermería a ancianos postrauma: una revisión integrativa

ABSTRACT

Objective:

Method:

Results:

Conclusion: