Nursing students' perception about humanized care: an integrative review

Study of bibliographical revision of the integrative type. The databases Pubmed, Lilacs, Cuiden and the SciELO virtual library were chosen for selection in October 2017, using the health descriptors "Students, Nursing", "Perception" and "Humanization of assistance", in the languages Portuguese, English and Spanish.

Results:

Only eight studies were included that met the objectives of the study, where the majority portrays the Brazilian reality.

Conclusion:

Given the current discussion of society on the subject and the scarcity of publications, it is clear the need to adapt the academic field to complaints of society, as well as reflection of why the problem does not have a significant approach in international setting.

Descriptors:
Students, Nursing; Perception; Care; Humanization of Assistance; Research

Strategy/Bases	Pubmed	SciELO	Lilacs	Cuiden
Estudantes de Enfermagem AND Humanização da Assistência	0	9	12	3
Humanização da Assistência AND Percepção	0	137	111	61
Estudantes de Enfermagem AND Percepção	3	212	18	111
Estudantes de Enfermagem AND Humanização da Assistência AND Percepção	0	0	1	2
Students, Nursing AND Humanization of Care	7	28	0	21
Humanization of Assistance AND Perception	21	121	0	76
Students, Nursing AND Perception	1497	294	16	361
Students, Nursing and Humanization of Assistance AND Perception	0	3	7	6
Estudiantes de Enfermería AND Humanización de la Atención	0	14	12	19
Humanización de la Atención AND Percepción	0	86	57	123
Estudiantes de enfermería AND Percepción	3	260	131	365
Estudiantes de Enfermería AND Humanización de la Atención AND Percepción	0	1	4	5

Article	Basis	Included	Reason
Spirituality and health: an experience in undergraduate schools of Medicine and Nursing	SciELO	No	Multidisciplinary study.
Social representation of nursing care in mental health: a qualitative study	SciELO	Yes	Linking with clients and employees encourages humanized care.
Gardening referential as teaching-learning instrument in Nursing: convergent care research	SciELO	No	Integrative review study.
Spirituality and health: an experience in undergraduate schools of medicine and nursing	SciELO	No
Perception of nursing students on mental health home-care: a qualitative approach	Lilacs	Yes	University extension assists in the holistic view and favors humanized care.
Perception of undergraduate Nursing students on the work of nurses	Lilacs	No	It does not meet the study's objectives.
Perception of nursing students on mental health home-care: a qualitative approach	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Spirituality and health: an experience in undergraduate schools of Medicine and Nursing	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Research in the care approach: Nursing students' perspective [La investigación en el enfoque de los cuidados: perspectiva de los estudiantes de enfermería]	Lilacs	Yes	The study results in Nursing students visualizing research with a focus on care as a contribution to humanized practice.
Social representation of nursing care in mental health: a qualitative study	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Nurses and the humanization of health services in the municipality: an exploratory study	Lilacs	No	Participants are nurses and not academics.
Gardening reference as teaching-learning instrument in Nursing: convergent care research: [review]	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Perception of undergraduate Nursing students on the work of nurses	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Perception of nursing students on mental health home-care: a qualitative approach	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Spirituality and health: an experience in undergraduate schools of Medicine and Nursing	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Research in the care approach: Nursing students' perspective [La investigación en el enfoque de los cuidados: perspectiva de los estudiantes de enfermería]	Lilacs		Duplicated.
Understanding of Nursing Students on Patient Safety [Comprensión de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre la seguridad del paciente]	Cuiden	Yes	The concept of humanization is associated with patient safety.
Humanization in the process of academic training of health professionals [La humanización en el proceso de formación académica de los profesionales de la salud]	Cuiden	No	The humanization is portrayed in the academic and non-assistance plan as the study proposes.
Orthotanasia: the meaning of dying with dignity in the perception of nurses of the specialization course in Intensive Care Unit	Cuiden	No	Participants are nurses and not academics.
Social Representation of Nursing Care in Mental Health: a qualitative study [Representación social del cuidado de enfermería en salud mental: estudio cualitativo]	Cuiden		Duplicated.
Gardening reference as teaching-learning instrument in Nursing: convergent care research	Cuiden		Duplicated.
Gardening reference as teaching-learning instrument in Nursing: convergent care research	Cuiden		Duplicated.
Perception of Humanized Care Behaviors in Nursing Students[Percepción deComportamientos de Cuidado Humanizado en Estudiantes de Enfermería]	Cuiden	No	Participants are the subjects who received paternal care from academics.
The distance between the proximity between psychiatric asylums and the production of meanings: current learning of Psychiatric Nursing	Cuiden	Yes	Students point out.
Social Representation of Nursing Care in Mental Health: a qualitative study	Cuiden		Duplicated.
Playful practices daily care in Pediatric Nursing	Cuiden	Yes	The study shows that students visualize in playful practices a way to perform humanized work.
Something is changing in hospitals, is it perhaps clinical humanization?[Algo se está moviendo en los hospitales, ¿Será quizás la humanización clínica?]	Cuiden	Yes	The article brings the students' perception about the humanization process of Nursing care, referring this process as being in progress.

Title	Year/Country	Objectives	Method/Participants	Results	Conclusion
Social representation of Nursing care in mental health: a qualitative study⁽¹¹11 Macedo JQ, Silveira MFA, Eulálio MC, Fraga MNO, Braga VAB. Social representation of nursing care in mental health: qualitative study. O Braz J Nurs[Internet]. 2011[cited 2017 Oct 21];9(3). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1676-4285.20103139 http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1676-4285.2010... ⁾	2011 Brazil	The purpose of this study was to understand the social representations of Nursing care in Mental Health elaborated by undergraduate students of Nursing courses.	The sample consisted of 12 students who participated in semi-directive interviews.	Nursing care in mental health is represented in the humanization of mental health care.	This representation facilitates the change in the perception of undergraduates from the theoretical-practical experiences and allows them to visualize a distinction between the professional practice of nurses in the current context and the role attributed to it according to the precepts of the Psychiatric Reform.
Gardening reference as teaching-learning instrument in Nursing: convergent research assistance⁽¹²12 Montezeli JH, Venturi KK, Peres AM, Labronici LM, Maftum MA, Wolff LDG. Horta's benchmark as a tool of nursing teaching-learning: assistential convergent research. O Braz J Nurs[Internet]. 2009 [cited 2017 Feb 10];8(1). Available from: http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/nursing/article/view/205555 http://www.objnursing.uff.br/index.php/n... ⁾	2014 Brazil	To use the reference of Wanda Horta with fifteen students of undergraduation of Nursing, during practical internship, in private institution in Curitiba City, and to verify the perception of them about the relation of the path.	Qualitative convergent assistance research. Nursing students in practical internship in a care unit.	The students considered that the practice provided an integral visualization of individuals, the integration of theory and practice in the discipline, and the facilitation of the humanization of care.	Nursing practices must be based on theoretical references, in order to provide the client's holistic view; scientificity as the basis of Nursing care, in order to minimize technical care present in health institutions and universities.
Perception of nursing students about home mental health care: a qualitative approach⁽¹³13 Lima G, Feltrin J, Rodrigues J, Buriola A. Perception of nursing students on mental health home-care: a qualitative approach. JRFCO[Internet]. 2016[cited 2017 Oct 21];8(2):4255-68. Available from: http://www.seer.unirio.br/index.php/cuidadofundamental/article/view/4310 http://www.seer.unirio.br/index.php/cuid... ⁾	2016 Brazil	To understand the perception of Nursing students about mental health care at home, carried out through university extension activities.	Exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Nursing students.	The data resulted in three categories: "The university extension in mental health as an opportunity for personal and academic growth", "Reformulating concepts of care through university extension in mental health" and "The university extension in mental health as a facilitator of humanized care".	Students understand university extension as a way to acquire diverse knowledge and skills by having the opportunity to work an effective approach to the family and the daily lives of the people with Mental Disorders.
Research in the care approach: the perspective of Nursing students⁽¹⁴14 Lobo A. Research approach to care: perspective of nursing students. Horiz Enferm[Internet]. 2013[cited 2017 Oct 21];24(1):17-23. Available from: http://horizonteenfermeria.uc.cl/images/pdf/24-1/16_investigaci_horizonte%2024-12013.pdf http://horizonteenfermeria.uc.cl/images/... ⁾[La investigación en el enfoque de los cuidados: perspectiva de los estudiantes de enfermeira⁽¹⁴14 Lobo A. Research approach to care: perspective of nursing students. Horiz Enferm[Internet]. 2013[cited 2017 Oct 21];24(1):17-23. Available from: http://horizonteenfermeria.uc.cl/images/pdf/24-1/16_investigaci_horizonte%2024-12013.pdf http://horizonteenfermeria.uc.cl/images/... ⁾]	2013 Portugal	To know the perception of Nursing students about the relationship between research and the quality of nursing care.	Transversal, descriptive exploratory study with qualitative approach. Students of the second year of Nursing, with criterion of inclusion having studied the discipline of "Research in Nursing" developed at least two periods of care practices.	From the analysis of participants' discourses, the following categories emerged: Humanization/uniqueness of care and professional development.	According to students, research enables professional improvement and focus on holistic care.
Understanding Nursing students about patient safety⁽¹⁵15 Eberle CC, Silva APSS. Nursing students' understanding on patient safety. Rev Baiana Enferm [Internet]. 2016[cited 2017 Oct 21];30(4):1-9. Available from: https://portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/enfermagem/article/view/21701/pdf https://portalseer.ufba.br/index.php/enf... ⁾	2016 Brazil	To know the understanding of Nursing students about patient safety.	Descriptive exploratory qualitative study. Students of the 3^rd and 4^th year of Nursing.	The categories "Meaning of Patient Safety" and "Articulation of Theoretical Knowledge with Care Practice" emerged. Students associated patient safety with the hospital environment and the concepts of humanization, professional ethics, patient autonomy and biosafety.	The perception that safe care is guaranteed by error-free assistance has been evidenced.
The distance between psychiatric asylum and the production of meanings: Psychiatric Nursing education in the present day⁽¹⁶16 Rocha G, Barcelos I, Coloda R. The distance between the psychiatric asylum and the production of meaning: learning in psychiatric nursing today. Rev Pesqui: Cuid Fundam[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Oct 21];2(4). Available from: http://www.seer.unirio.br/index.php/cuidadofundamental/article/view/580 http://www.seer.unirio.br/index.php/cuid... ⁾	2010 Brazil	Identify the challenges of the field of practice in mental health in the production of knowledge about the impact of changes on the stigmatized view to the humanized look on psychiatric asylums.	Qualitative and descriptive study. Nursing students in course of the Nursing discipline in the Attention to Psychiatry.	Focus on the care of the body and the Nursing performance in relation to the characterization of clients; specificity and fear of treatment; the concern to know the environment; discipline activities before and during the period of practical training.	The field of practical training has also enabled the student's rapprochement with the issues of prejudice, biomedical model of exclusion of senses,which brought a humanized learning for care.
Playful practices in the daily care of Pediatric Nursing⁽¹⁷17 Brito TRP, Resck ZMR, Moreira DS, Marques SM. The playful in the daily practices of care in pediatric nursing. Esc Anna Nery[Internet]. 2009[cited 2017 Oct 21];13(4):802-8. Available from: http://eean.edu.br/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=489 http://eean.edu.br/detalhe_artigo.asp?id... ⁾	2009 Brazil	Seize studentsto perform playful practices with children hospitalized during vocational training.	Phenomenological qualitative approach. Nursing students of the 8^th period.	Evidenced by the categories motivation/gratification, lack of commitment and initiative, and impotence.	The insertion of playful activities into Pediatrics takes place gradually, and performing them implies a review of academic education, making teaching/ research/ extension articulation strong and coherent, so that the contents emphasize the humanization and provision of care.
Something is chaning in hospitals, is it perhaps clinical humanization?⁽¹⁸18 Jiménez AP, Amengual CH, Perdiz AM, Vicens EP, Agullo IR. Algo se está moviendo en los hospitales, ¿será quizás la humanización clínica? Cultura Cuid [Internet]. 2009[cited 2017 Oct 21];10(25):98-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2009.25.13 https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2009.25.13... ⁾[Algo se está moviendo en los hospitales, ¿Será quizás la humanización clínica?⁽¹⁸18 Jiménez AP, Amengual CH, Perdiz AM, Vicens EP, Agullo IR. Algo se está moviendo en los hospitales, ¿será quizás la humanización clínica? Cultura Cuid [Internet]. 2009[cited 2017 Oct 21];10(25):98-103. Available from: https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2009.25.13 https://doi.org/10.14198/cuid.2009.25.13... ⁾]	2009	We present results obtained from the analysis of student's answers, regarding the perception, beliefs and attitudes about the process of Clinical Humanization in hospitals.	Descriptive crosssectional study. Students of the 3^rd year of Nursing.	Students believe that it is fundamental to acquire knowledge and communicative and social strategies for the emotional approach to patients and their families.	We conclude that "something is happening", albeit very slowly, given the change in the process of humanizing care.

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Bianca Marques dos Santos E-mail: biansa.marques@gmail.com