Factors associated with the homicides of women who are victims of violence

a transversal, quantitative and observational study, guided by the STROBE tool, with data of homicides of women obtained from the Mortality Information System; and of violence against women, from the Grievance Notification Information System. The logistic regression model was used to verify the factors associated with the homicides.

Results:

there were 32,308 cases of violence against women and 1,162 homicides. The chances of homicide were higher for women: victims of physical violence (2.39 times more), aggression by object of court (2.32 times more), aggression by firearm (6 times more), and when there was a recurrence of violence (3.82 times more).

Conclusions:

association of physical violence, agression by object of court, aggression by firearm, recurrence of violence with homicides of women in the state of Pernambuco was found.

Descriptors:
Homicide; Violence Against Women; Health Information Systems; Vital Statistics; Nursing

Variables	n	%
Age (n = 32,308)
10 to 20 years	9,442	29.2
More than 20 years	22,866	70.8
Race/color (n = 23,133)
Black/Brown	18,879	81.6
Not black	4,254	18.4
Marital status (n = 30,692)
Not married	22,500	73.3
Married	8,192	26.7
Zone of residence (n = 29,408)
Rural/periurban	3,553	12.1
Urban	25,855	87.9
Zone of occurrence (n = 24,722)
Rural/periurban	3,286	13.3
Urban	21,436	86.7
Place of occurrence (n = 24,960)
Public road or others	8,035	32.2
Residency	16,925	67.8
Physical violence (n = 29,622)
No	7,996	27.0
Yes	21,626	73.0
Psychological violence (n = 26,311)
No	14,806	56.3
Yes	11,505	43.7
Sexual violence (n = 25,988)
No	20,340	78.3
Yes	5,648	21.7
Recurrence of violence (n = 32,308)
No	30,806	95.4
Yes	1,502	4.6
Aggression by body strength/spasm (n = 27,599)
No	11,470	41.6
Yes	16,129	58.4
Aggression by choking (n = 25,102)
No	24,209	96.4
Yes	893	3.6
Aggression by blunt/cutting/perforating object (n = 25,270)
Não	23,883	94.5
Sim	1,387	5.5
Aggression by cutting object (n = 25,634)
No	22,720	88.6
Yes	2,914	11.4
Aggression by substance/hot object (n = 25,108)
No	24,871	99.1
Yes	237	0.9
Poisoning aggression (n = 25,105)
No	24,832	98.9
Yes	273	1.1
Agression by firearm (n = 25,271)
No	23,695	93.8
Yes	1,576	6.2
Victim/aggressor - partner/ex-partner relationship (n = 24,261)
No	12,397	51.1
Yes	11,864	48.9

Variable	Homicide
Variable	n	%
Age (n = 1,162)
10 to 20 years	244	21.0
More than 20 years	918	79.0
Race/color (n = 1,143)
Black/Brown	1,006	88.0
Not black	137	12.0
Marital status (n = 1,015)
Not married	910	89.7
Married	105	10.3
Zone of occurrence (n = 1,154)
Public road	475	41.2
Residence	287	24.9
Hospital/health services	269	23.3
Others	123	10.7
Cause of death (n = 1,158)
Firearm	658	56.6
Blunt/cutting/perforating object	439	37.8
Body strength	49	4.2
Others	12	1.0

Variables	Homicide				p value (χ²)	Gross OR	Gross OR (p value)	Adjusted OR	Adjusted OR (p value)
	No		Yes
	n	%	n	%
Age
10 to 20 years	9,415	29.1	27	0.1	0.12	1.00		1.00
Over 20 years	22,772	70.5	94	0.3		1.44	0.11	1.44	0.10
Race/color					0.21
White	4,243	13.1	11	0.0		1.00		1.00
Non white	18,803	58.2	76	0.2		1.56	0.21	1.56	0.17
Zone of residence					0.02
Rural/periurban	3,532	10.9	21	0.1		1.00		1.00
Urban	25,771	79.8	84	0.3		0.55	0.02	0.55	0.01
Zone of occurence					0.74
Rural/periurban	3,274	10.1	12	0.0		1.00		1.00
Urban	21,369	66.1	67	0.2		0.86	0.62	0.86	0.62
Place of occurence					0.79
Public road or others	8,007	24.8	28	0.1		1.00		1.00
Residence	16,871	52.2	54	0.2		0.92	0.72	0.92	0.70
Physical violence					0.00
No	7,985	24.7	11	0.0		1.00		1.00
Yes	21,527	66.6	99	0.3		3.34	0.00	3.34	0.00
Psychological violence					0.24
No	14,747	45.7	59	0.2		1.00		1.00
Yes	11,470	35.5	35	0.1		0.76	0.21	0.76	0.21
Sexual violence					0.01
No	20,259	62.7	81	0.3		1.00		1.00
Yes	5,640	17.5	8	0.0		0.36	0.00	0.35	0.01
Marital status					0.62
Married	8,159	25.3	33	0.1		1.00		1.00
Not married	22,420	69.4	80	0.3		1.13	0.52	1.13	0.55
Recurrence of violence					0.00
No	30,700	95.0	106	0.3		1.00		1.00
Yes	1,487	4.6	15	0.1		2.92	0.00	2.92	0.00
Aggression by body strength					0.74
No	11,428	35.4	42	0.1		1.00		1.00
Yes	16,075	49.8	54	0.2		0.91	0.68	0.91	0.66
Aggression by choking					0.14
No	24,125	74.7	84	0.3		1.00		1.00
Yes	893	2.8	0	0.0		0.00	0.08	0.00	0.97
Aggression by blunt/cutting/perforating object					0.71
No	23,803	73.7	80	0.2		1.00		1.00
Yes	13,81	4.3	6	0.0		1.29	0.48	1.29	0.55
Aggression by cutting object					0.00
No	2,892	9.0	22	0.1		1.00		1.00
Yes	22,652	70.1	68	0.2		2.53	0.00	2.53	0.00
Aggression by hot substance/ object					0.00
No	233	0.7	4	0.0		1.00		1.00
Yes	24,788	76.7	83	0.3		5.13	0.01	5.13	0.00
Aggression by poisoning					0.11
No	270	0.8	3	0.0		1.00		1.00
Yes	24,748	76.6	84	0.3		3.27	0.07	3.27	0.04
Aggression by firearm					0.00
No	1557	4.8	19	0.1		1.00		1.00
Yes	23,625	73.1	70	0.2		4.12	0.00	4.12	0.00
Victim/aggressor - partner/ex-partner relationship					0.51
No	12,365	38.3	32	0.1		1.00
Yes	11,827	36.6	37	0.1		1.21	0.47	1.21	0.43

Coefficient	Estimate	Standard error	Value of Z	OR	95%IC		p value
Intercept	-6.13	0.43	-14.31	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Zone of residence [Urban]	-0.71	0.28	-2.55	0.49	0.29	0.87	0.01
Physical violence [Yes]	0.87	0.39	2.23	2.39	1.18	5.52	0.03
Sexual violence [Yes]	-1.73	0.61	-2.86	0.18	0.04	0.49	0.00
Recurrence of violence [Yes]	1.34	0.33	4.04	3.82	1.89	7.04	0.00
Aggression by cutting object [Yes]	0.84	0.30	2.81	2.32	1.25	4.07	0.01
Aggression by firearm [Yes]	1.80	0.31	5.78	6.05	3.17	10.84	0.00

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[1] Corresponding author: Sheyla Carvalho de Barros. E-mail: sheyla.barross@gmail.com