El trabajo del enfermero en el prenatal de alto riesgo bajo la óptica de las necesidades humanas básicas

Errico, Lívia de Souza Pancrácio de; Bicalho, Paula Gonçalves; Oliveira, Thaize Constância Ferreira Lares de; Martins, Eunice Francisca

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0328

Brasil

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RESEARCH • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 71 (suppl 3) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0328 linkcopiar

El trabajo del enfermero en el prenatal de alto riesgo bajo la óptica de las necesidades humanas básicas

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Analizar el trabajo del enfermero en el prenatal de alto riesgo en la atención secundaria, considerando los problemas de enfermería y las necesidades humanas básicas de las embarazadas.

Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, desarrollado en un ambulatorio de prenatal de alto riesgo. Los datos han sido seleccionados en los registros de las consultas de enfermería. Las variables estudiadas estaban relacionadas con las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y con los problemas de enfermería. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos y la agrupación de los problemas de enfermería en las clases de Necesidades Humanas Básicas (NHB).

Resultados: Se han evaluado 54 consultas de enfermería de embarazadas, en su gran parte a jóvenes, multíparas y con nueve o más años de estudio. Cada embarazada ha relatado en promedio 7,4 problemas de enfermería. Las NHB psicobiológicas han prevalecido en relación a las psicosociales.

Conclusión: En el prenatal de alto riesgo, el enfermero puede utilizar la consulta de enfermería considerando su dominio de las tecnologías leves para dialogar con las tecnologías dura y leve-dura.

Descriptores: Embarazo de Alto Riesco; Enfermería; Cuidado Prenatal; Proceso de Enfermería; Cuidados de Enfermería

Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%
Origin
Belo Horizonte	24	44.4
Metropolitan area	13	24.1
Ignored	17	31.5
Age
Up to 19 years old	2	3.7
20 - 29 years old	22	40.7
30 - 39 years old	17	31.5
≥ 40 years old	4	7.4
Ignored	9	16.7
Education level
Up to 8 years	9	16.7
9 to 11 years	27	50.0
≥ 12 years	11	20.3
Ignored	7	13.0
Occupation
Unemployed	13	24.1
Housekeeper and general services	12	22.2
Market and rendering of services	10	18.5
Housewife	7	13.0
Others	4	7.3
Ignored	8	14.8
Gestational history
Parity
Primiparous	15	27.8
Multiparous	36	66.7
Ignored	3	5.5
Previous abortions
No	35	64.8
Yes	16	29.6
Ignored	3	5.5

Aggravation	Number of pregnant women	%
HIV seropositive	11	20.4
Hypertension	7	13.0
Diabetes	5	9.3
Multiple pregnancy	4	7.4
Isoimmunization	4	7.4
Anemia	4	7.4
Cardiopathy	4	7.4
Congenital malformation	3	5.5
Others	12	22.2
Total	54	100

Nursing problems	Number of pregnant women	%^* * In relation to the total of 54 pregnant women
Questions about childbirth	34	63.0
Lack of physical activity	34	63.0
Poor diet	31	57.4
Impaired sleep	29	53.7
Pain	23	42.6
Overweight	23	42.6
Medication use in pregnancy	23	42.6
Questions about puerperium and the newborn	20	37.0
Difficulty in family relationship	18	33.3
Concern about health problems	17	31.5
Difficulty in bowel elimination	16	29.6
Dissatisfaction with self-image	13	24.1
Fatigue	12	22.2
Pregnancy discomfort	12	22.2
Reduced self-esteem	11	20.4
Socioeconomic vulnerability	11	20.4
Urinary discomfort	10	18.5
Low water intake	9	16.7
Fear of the future of the newborn	8	14.8
Susceptibility to toxoplasmosis	8	14.8
Anxiety	7	13.0
Sexuality problems	6	11.1
Non-acceptance of pregnancy	5	9.3
Sadness	5	9.3
Partner violence and drugs	5	9.3
Elitist pregnant woman	3	5.6
Others	9	16.7
Total problems	402	100
Average problems for pregnant women	7.4

Classes of Basic Human Needs	Problems	n	Percentage^* * % calculated in relation to total problems.
I. Psychobiological needs
1. Oxygenation	Dyspnea and cough	3	0.7
2- Hydration	Low water intake	9	2.2
3. Diet	Poor diet and overweight	54	13.4
4. Elimination	Urinary discomfort and difficulty in bowel elimination	26	6.5
5. Sleep and rest	Fatigue and impaired sleep	41	10.2
6. Exercises and physical activity	Lack of physical activity	34	8.5
7. Sexuality	Sexuality problems and unprotected sex	6	1.5
12. Types of regulation: thermal, hormonal, neurological, sodium and water, electrolyte, immunological, cell growth, vascular	Pregnancy discomforts; unstable blood glucose; susceptibility to toxoplasmosis; presence of vaginal discharge and Streptococcus colonization	24	6.0
14. Types of perception: olfactory, visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, pain	Pain	23	5.7
16. Therapeutics	Use of medication and non-adherence to treatment	24	6.0
	Subtotal	244	60.7
II. Psychosocial needs
1. Safety	Anxiety Fear of the future of the newborn Fear of the health problem Elitist pregnant woman Partner violence and drugs Socioeconomic vulnerability	51	12.7
6. Learning (health education)	Questions about childbirth, puerperium, and the newborn	54	13.4
7. Gregarious	Difficulties in family relationships	18	4.5
9. Leisure	Lack of leisure	1	0.2
12. Acceptance	Non-acceptance of pregnancy	5	1.2
13. Self-achievement	Reduced self-esteem Sadness	16	4.0
15. Self-image	Dissatisfaction with self-image	13	3.2
	Subtotal	158	39.3
Total		402	100

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Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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[TFN2] ^*
In relation to the total of 54 pregnant women