Experiential process |
- Prevent and control the symptoms (2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
-2828 Rahimipour M, Shahgholian N, Yazdani M. Effect of hope therapy on depression, anxiety, and stress among the patients undergoing hemodialysis. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(6):694. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26793255 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2679...
) - Use humor and joviality appropriately (2929 Rustøen T, Cooper BA, Miaskowski C. A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [2020 Jan 15];15(4):351-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870459 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087...
) - Encourage the patient/ family to transcend the current situation (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
) - Encourage aesthetic experiences (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
) - Encourage involvement in creative and fun activities (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Encourage reminiscence, an expression of gratitude (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Assist the patient/ family to focus on the joys of the past and the present (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
) - Share positive inspirational stories of hope (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Support the patient/ family to verbally express positive self-reflection (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
)
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Spiritual/transcendent process |
- Facilitate participation in religious rituals and spiritual practices (2323 KhalediSardashti F, Ghazavi Z, Keshani F, Smaeilzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the mood status of patients with diabetes. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];23(4),281-286. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...
,2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
-2626 Binaei N, Moeini M, Sadeghi M, Najafi M, Mohagheghian Z. Effects of hope promoting interventions based on religious beliefs on quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure and their families. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];21(1):77. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985226 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2698...
,2929 Rustøen T, Cooper BA, Miaskowski C. A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [2020 Jan 15];15(4):351-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870459 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087...
) - Referral to the clergy or other spiritual assistant (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Assist the patient/ family in searching for meaning in the present situation (2323 KhalediSardashti F, Ghazavi Z, Keshani F, Smaeilzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the mood status of patients with diabetes. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];23(4),281-286. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6034523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article...
,2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
) - Assist the patient/ family to keep a newspaper (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Suggest literature, films and art that explore the meaning of suffering (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
)
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Relational process |
- Minimize the isolation of the patient/ family (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
) - Establish and maintain an open relationship with others (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
-2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
,2929 Rustøen T, Cooper BA, Miaskowski C. A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [2020 Jan 15];15(4):351-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870459 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087...
) - Strengthen the patient's/ family's self-esteem (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
,2929 Rustøen T, Cooper BA, Miaskowski C. A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [2020 Jan 15];15(4):351-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870459 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087...
) - Recognize the individuality and value of the patient/ family (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
-2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
,2929 Rustøen T, Cooper BA, Miaskowski C. A longitudinal study of the effects of a hope intervention on levels of hope and psychological distress in a community-based sample of oncology patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs [Internet]. 2011 [2020 Jan 15];15(4):351-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870459 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2087...
) - Recognize and reinforce the reciprocity of hope between the patient/ health system (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
,2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Provide time for relationships (especially in institutions) (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
-2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Assist the patient to identify significant people/ objects (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Reflect with the patient on the characteristics and experiences that connect others to the patient (2626 Binaei N, Moeini M, Sadeghi M, Najafi M, Mohagheghian Z. Effects of hope promoting interventions based on religious beliefs on quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure and their families. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];21(1):77. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26985226 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2698...
) - Communicate the proper sense of hope (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
)
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Rational thought process |
- Assist the patient/ family to establish, obtain, and review the objectives without imposing an agenda (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
) - Assist in the identification of available and necessary resources for the achievement of objectives (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
) - Assist in the search for necessary resources (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
) - Assist in fragmenting broader objectives into small steps (to increase the feeling of success) (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
) - Help to live one day at a time (2525 Duggleby W, Cooper D, Nekolaichuk C, Cottrell L, Swindle J, Barkway K. The psychosocial experiences of older palliative patients while participating in a Living with Hope Program. Palliat Support Care [Internet]. 2016 [2020 Jan 15];14(6):672-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27586308 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2758...
) - Provide adequate information according to the patient's condition (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
) - Facilitate the surveillance of the current condition/ reality (2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
) - Help in identifying past (previous) successes (2222 Chan K, Wong FKY, Lee PH. A brief hope intervention to increase hope level and improve well-being in rehabilitating cancer patients: a feasibility test. SAGE Open Nurs [Internet]. 2019 [2020 Jan 15];5:1-13. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2377960819844381 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
) - Increase the sense of control of patients/ families (2424 Rakhshan M, Ganjalivand S, Zarshenas L, Majdinasab N. The effect of collaborative care model-based intervention on hope in caregivers and patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery [Internet]. 2018 [2020 Jan 15];6(3):218-26. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30035138 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3003...
,2727 Ghazavi Z, Khaledi-Sardashti F, Kajbaf MB, Esmaielzadeh M. Effect of hope therapy on the hope of diabetic patients. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res [Internet]. 2015 [2020 Jan 15];20(1):75-80. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25709...
)
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