Low Chronic Self-Esteem and Low Situational Self-Esteem: a literature review

to develop a literature review about low self-esteem and components of the nursing diagnoses Low Chronic Self-Esteem and Low Situational Self-Esteem in patients with depressed mood.

Method:

an integrative literature review carried out in the Pubmed portal and in the Scopus and Web of Science electronic bibliographic databases. Depression and self-esteem descriptors were used, resulting in 32 articles.

Results:

literature indicated 7 clinical indicators and 14 etiological factors for low self-esteem.

Conclusion:

The clinical indicators Suicidal ideation and Ineffective treatment were more prevalent in the study. The etiological factors Stressful events and Stigmatization were the most frequent, both of which were suggested as new related factors for low self-esteem. Nursing diagnosis recognition can contribute to intervention strategy elaboration by the nurse, according to the urgent diagnostic and the individual’s particularities.

Descriptors:
Nursing Diagnosis; Self-Concept; Affect; Health Promotion; Mental Health

Clinical indicators	References
1. Suicidal ideation	Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness (CREEMERS et al., 2011)⁽⁸8 Creemers DH, Scholte RH, Engels RC, Prinstein MJ, Wiers RW. Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(1):638-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.... ⁾. Effects of contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior (LAKEY et al., 2014)⁽⁹9 Lakey CE, Hirsch JK, Nelson LA, Nsamenang SA. Effects of contingent self-esteem on depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Death Stud. 2014;38(6-10):563-70. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2013.809035 https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2013.80... ⁾. The association between suicide risk and self-esteem in Japanese university students with major depressive episodes of major depressive disorder (MITSUI et al., 2014)⁽¹⁰10 Mitsui N, Asakura S, Shimizu Y, Fujii Y, Toyomaki A, Kako Y, et al. The association between suicide risk and self-esteem in Japanese university students with major depressive episodes of major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014;10:811-6. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S59349. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S59349... ⁾. The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation among undergraduate students (LIN, 2015a)⁽¹¹11 Lin CC. The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation among undergraduate students. Scand J Psychol. 2015;56(6):700-7. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12252 https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12252... ⁾. Predictors of suicidal ideation in a community sample: Roles of anger, self-esteem, and depression (JANG et al., 2016)⁽¹²12 Jang JM, Park JI, Oh KY, Lee KH, Kim MS, Yoon MS, et al. Predictors of suicidal ideation in a community sample: Roles of anger, self-esteem, and depression. Psychiatry Res. 2014;216(1):74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.054 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.... ⁾.
2. Loneliness	Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness (CREEMERS et al., 2011)⁽⁸8 Creemers DH, Scholte RH, Engels RC, Prinstein MJ, Wiers RW. Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2012;43(1):638-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.... ⁾.
3. Ineffective coping	Self-esteem, psychological distress, and coping styles in pregnant smokers and non-smokers (VARESCON et al, 2013)⁽¹³13 Varescon I, Leignel S, Gérard C, Aubourg F, Detilleux M. Self-esteem, psychological distress, and coping styles in pregnant smokers and non-smokers. Psychol Rep. 2013;113(3):935-47. doi: 10.2466/13.20.PR0.113x31z1 https://doi.org/10.2466/13.20.PR0.113x31... ⁾. Relationships between cognitive coping, self-esteem, anxiety and depression: A cluster-analysis approach (DORON et al., 2013)⁽¹⁴14 Doron J, Thomas-Ollivier V, Vachon H, Fortes-Bourbousson M. Relationships between cognitive coping, self-esteem, anxiety and depression: A cluster-analysis approach. Pers Individ Dif. 2013;55(5):515-20. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.0... ⁾. The functional role of resignation orientation on goal engagement, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression (ASANO; ISHIMURA; KODAMA, 2014)⁽¹⁵15 Asano K, Ishimura I, Kodama M. The functional role of resignation orientation on goal engagement, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression. Health Psychol Res. 2014;22;2(3):1882. doi: 10.4081/hpr.2014.1882 https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2014.1882... ⁾. A closer look at self-esteem, perceived social support, and coping strategy: a prospective study of depressive symptomatology across the tran (LEE et al., 2014)⁽¹⁶16 Lee C, Dickson DA, Conley CS, Holmbeck GN. A closer look at self-esteem, perceived social support, and coping strategy: a prospective study of depressive symptomatology across the transition to college. J Clin Psychol. 2014;33(6):560-85. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.6.560 https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.6.5... ⁾.
4. Rumination	Rumination mediates the prospective effect of low self-esteem on depression: a five-wave longitudinal study (KUSTER; ORTH; MEIER, 2012)⁽¹⁷17 Kuster F, Orth U, Meier LL. Rumination mediates the prospective effect of low self-esteem on depression: a five-wave longitudinal study. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012;38(6):747-59. doi: 10.1177/0146167212437250 https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212437250... ⁾. En Route to Depression: Self-Esteem Discrepancies and Habitual Rumination (PHILLIPS; HINE, 2016)⁽¹⁸18 Phillips WJ, Hine DW. En route to depression: self-esteem discrepancies and habitual rumination. J Pers. 2016;84(1):79-90. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12141 https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12141... ⁾.
5. Hopelessness	Self-esteem Instability and Psychological Adjustment (ZEIGLER-HILL; WALLACE, 2012)⁽¹⁹19 Zeigler-Hill V, Wallace M. Self-esteem instability and psychological adjustment. Self Identity. 2012;11(3):317-42. doi: 10.1080/15298868.2011.567763 https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.56... ⁾. The Effect of Automatic Thoughts on Hopelessness: Role of Self-esteem as a Mediator (ÇAKAR , 2014)⁽²⁰20 Çakar FS. The effect of automatic thoughts on hopelessness: role of self-esteem as a mediator. Educ Sci Theory Pract. 2014;14(5):10-6. doi: 10.12738/estp.2014.5.2132 https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.5.213... ⁾.
6. Insomnia	Optimism and self-esteem are related to sleep. Results from a large community-based sample (LEMOLA et al., 2013)⁽²¹21 Lemola S, Räikkönen K, Gomez V, Allemand M. Optimism and self-esteem are related to sleep. Results from a large community-based sample. Int J Behav Med. 2013;20(4):567-71. doi: 10.1007/s12529-012-9272-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9272-... ⁾.
7. Virtual self-assertion search	Relationship of Internet addiction with self-esteem and depression in university students (BAHRAINIAN et al., 2014)⁽²²22 Bahrainian SA, Alizadeh KH, Raeisoon MR, Gorji OH, Khazaee A. Relationship of Internet addiction with self-esteem and depression in university students. J Prev Med Hyg [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2017 Dec 22];55(3):86-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4718307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article... ⁾. Internet Addiction and Relationships with Insomnia, Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Self-Esteem in University Students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study (YOUNES et al., 2016)⁽²³23 Younes F, Halawi G, Jabbour H, El Osta N, Karam L, Hajj A, et al. Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia, anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem in university students: a cross-sectional designed study. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0161126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161126 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016... ⁾. Problematic Social Media Use: Results from a Large-Scale Nationally Representative Adolescent Sample (BA´NYAI et al., 2017)⁽²⁴24 Bányai F, Zsila A, Király O, Maraz A, Elekes Z, Griffiths MD, et al. Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169839. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169839 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016... ⁾.

Etiological factors	References
1. Receives adequate affection	The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation among undergraduate students (LIN, 2015a)⁽¹¹11 Lin CC. The relationships among gratitude, self-esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation among undergraduate students. Scand J Psychol. 2015;56(6):700-7. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12252 https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12252... ⁾. Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self-esteem and well-being (LIN, 2015b)⁽²⁵25 Lin CC. Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self-esteem and well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2015;87:30-4. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.017 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.0... ⁾.
2. Reduction or absence of social support	A closer look at self-esteem, perceived social support, and coping strategy: a prospective study of depressive symptomatology across the tran (LEE et al., 2014)⁽¹⁶16 Lee C, Dickson DA, Conley CS, Holmbeck GN. A closer look at self-esteem, perceived social support, and coping strategy: a prospective study of depressive symptomatology across the transition to college. J Clin Psychol. 2014;33(6):560-85. doi: 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.6.560 https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2014.33.6.5... ⁾. Hope, social support, and depression among Hong Kong youth: personal and relational self-esteem as mediators (DU; KING; CHU, 2016)⁽²⁶26 Du H, King RB, Chu SK. Hope, social support, and depression among Hong Kong youth: personal and relational self-esteem as mediators. Psychol Health Med. 2016;21(8):926-31. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2015.1127397 https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2015.11... ⁾.
3. Disturbed body image	The mediating effect of self-esteem, depression and anxiety between satisfaction with body appearance and problematic internet use (KORONCZAI et al., 2013)⁽²⁷27 Koronczai B, Kökönyei G, Urbán R, Kun B, Pápay O, Nagygyörgy K, et al. The mediating effect of self-esteem, depression and anxiety between satisfaction with body appearance and problematic internet use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2013;39(4):259-65. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2013.803111 https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2013.80... ⁾.
4. Negative resignation	The functional role of resignation orientation on goal engagement, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression (ASANO; ISHIMURA; KODAMA, 2014)⁽¹⁵15 Asano K, Ishimura I, Kodama M. The functional role of resignation orientation on goal engagement, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and depression. Health Psychol Res. 2014;22;2(3):1882. doi: 10.4081/hpr.2014.1882 https://doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2014.1882... ⁾.
5. Low mindful acceptance	Buffering low self-esteem: The effect of mindful acceptance on the relationship between self-esteem and depression (MICHALAK et al., 2011)⁽²⁸28 Michalak J, Teismann T, Heidenreich T, Ströhle G, Vocks S. Buffering low self-esteem: The effect of mindful acceptance on the relationship between self-esteem and depression. Pers Individ Dif. 2011;50(5):751-4. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.029 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.0... ⁾.
6. Maladaptive perfectionism	Using SEM to Examine the Dimensions of Perfectionism and Investigate the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem between Perfectionism and Depression in China (ZHANG; CAI, 2012)⁽²⁹29 Zhang B, Cai T. Using SEM to Examine the Dimensions of Perfectionism and Investigate the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem between Perfectionism and Depression in China. J Psychol Couns Sch. 2012;22:44-57. doi: 10.1017/jgc.2012.3 https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2012.3... ⁾.
7. Stigmatization	Protecting self-esteem from stigma: a test of different strategies for coping with the stigma of mental illness (ILIC et al., 2011)⁽³⁰30 Ilic M, Reinecke J, Bohner G, Röttgers HO, Beblo T, Driessen M, et al. Protecting self-esteem from stigma: a test of different strategies for coping with the stigma of mental illness. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2012;58(3):246-57. doi: 10.1177/0020764010392058 https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764010392058... ⁾. Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients (AYDEMIR; AKKAYA, 2013)⁽³¹31 Aydemir O, Akkaya C. Association of social anxiety with stigmatisation and low self-esteem in remitted bipolar patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2011;23(5):224-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00565.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011... ⁾. Brief Version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale: Psychometric Properties and Relationship to Depression, Self Esteem, Recovery Orientation, Empowerment, and Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination (BOYD; DeFORGE; OTILINGAM, 2014)⁽³²32 Boyd JE, Otilingam PG, Deforge BR. Brief version of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: psychometric properties and relationship to depression, self esteem, recovery orientation, empowerment, and perceived devaluation and discrimination. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014;37(1):17-23. doi: 10.1037/prj0000035 https://doi.org/10.1037/prj0000035... ⁾. Stigma resistance and its association with internalised stigma and psychosocial outcomes among psychiatric outpatients (LAU, et al., 2017)⁽³³33 Lau YW, Picco L, Pang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Satghare P, Chong AS et al. Stigma resistance and its association with internalised stigma and psychosocial outcomes among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatry Res. 2017;257:72-8. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.027 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.... ⁾.
8. Unsatisfactory family cohesion	A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope (TAE; HEITKEMPER; KIM, 2012)⁽³⁴34 Tae YS, Heitkemper M, Kim MY. A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(1):E49-57. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57 https://doi.org/10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57... ⁾. Coparenting after marital dissolution and children's mental health: a systematic review (LAMELA; FIGUEIREDO, 2016)⁽³⁵35 Lamela D, Figueiredo B. Coparenting after marital dissolution and children's mental health: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92(4):331-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.09.011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.09.0... ⁾.
9. Fatigue	A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope (TAE; HEITKEMPER; KIM, 2012)⁽³⁴34 Tae YS, Heitkemper M, Kim MY. A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(1):E49-57. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57 https://doi.org/10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57... ⁾.
10. Inadequate perception of health status	A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope (TAE; HEITKEMPER; KIM, 2012)⁽³⁴34 Tae YS, Heitkemper M, Kim MY. A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(1):E49-57. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57 https://doi.org/10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57... ⁾.
11. Impaired religiosity	A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope (TAE; HEITKEMPER; KIM, 2012)⁽³⁴34 Tae YS, Heitkemper M, Kim MY. A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(1):E49-57. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57 https://doi.org/10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57... ⁾.
12. Low financial income	A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope (TAE; HEITKEMPER; KIM, 2012)⁽³⁴34 Tae YS, Heitkemper M, Kim MY. A path analysis: a model of depression in Korean women with breast cancer-mediating effects of self-esteem and hope. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2012;39(1):E49-57. doi: 10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57 https://doi.org/10.1188/12.ONF.E49-E57... ⁾.
13. Stressful events	Social support and self-esteem as mediators between stress and antepartum depressive symptoms in rural pregnant women (JESSE, KIM; HERNDON, 2014)⁽³⁶36 Jesse DE, Kim H, Herndon C. Social support and self-esteem as mediators between stress and antepartum depressive symptoms in rural pregnant women. Res Nurs Health. 2014;37(3):241-52. doi: 10.1002/nur.21600 https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21600... ⁾. Self-Esteem, Narcissism, and Stressful Life Events: Testing for Selection and Socialization (ORTH; LUCIANO, 2015)⁽³⁷37 Orth U, Luciano EC. Self-esteem, narcissism, and stressful life events: testing for selection and socialization. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2015;109(4):707-21. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000049 https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000049... ⁾. Moderated Mediation Effect of Self-esteem on the Relationship Between Parenting Stress and Depression According to Employment Status in Married Women: A Longitudinal Study Utilizing Data from Panel Study on Korean Children (HAN; KIM, 2017)⁽³⁸38 Han JW, Kim JH. Moderated mediation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between parenting stress and depression according to employment status in married women: a longitudinal study utilizing data from panel study on Korean children. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2017;11(2):134-41. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.00... ⁾.
14. Depressed mood	Relationship between attributional style, perceived control, self-esteem, and depressive mood in a nonclinical sample: A structural equation-modelling approach (LEDRICH; GANA, 2013)⁽³⁹39 Ledrich J, Gana K. Relationship between attributional style, perceived control, self-esteem, and depressive mood in a nonclinical sample: a structural equation-modelling approach. Psychol Psychother. 2013;86(4):413-30. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.2012.02067.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.2012... ⁾.

Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: reben@abennacional.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Corresponding Author: Natália Barreto de Castro E-mail: nataliabarretodecastro@hotmail.com