Mental health of healthcare professionals in China during the new coronavirus pandemic: an integrative review

Paiano, Marcelle; Jaques, André Estevam; Nacamura, Paula Antunes Bezerra; Salci, Maria Aparecida; Radovanovic, Cremilde Aparecida Trindade; Carreira, Ligia

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0338

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (suppl 2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0338 copy

Mental health of healthcare professionals in China during the new coronavirus pandemic: an integrative review

Salud mental de los profesionales de la salud en China durante la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus: una revisión integradora

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify publishing related to the mental health of health professionals working in the front line of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

an integrative review that included primary articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct databases and US National Library of Medicine databases. The result analysis was performed descriptively, in four analytical categories.

Results:

The publishing involved aspects related to insufficient personal protective equipment, feelings of fear and stigma, the need for psychological and psychiatric support and the possibility of post-outbreak mental disorders.

Conclusion:

All mentioned aspects have a direct impact on the mental health of professionals, demanding the creation of strategies that minimize the emotional burnout of workers, considering that each country and culture reacts differently to the disease.

Descriptors:
Health Personnel; Coronavirus; Mental Health; Nursing; Review

	Title	Year/Country/Journal	Objective/Design of Study	Outcome	Level of Evidence
A1	A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory⁽¹³13 Yin X, Zeng L. A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory. Int J Nurs Sci. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.04.... ⁾	2020/China/International Journal of Nursing Sciences	To explore the psychological needs of nurses who care for patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and offer adequate interventions. Qualitative study	It is observed that the needs for existence, relatedness and growth coexist in clinical nurses. Effective interventions should be invested to meet the needs of nurses, that care patients with COVID-19 if they could be perceived well	IV
A2	Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019⁽⁸8 Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.... ⁾	2020/China/JAMA Network Open	To estimate the magnitude of mental health outcomes and associated factors among health professionals who treat patients exposed to COVID-19 in China. Cross-sectional study	In this survey of health professionals in hospitals equipped with clinics or nursery for patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and other regions of China, participants reported experiencing psychological burden, especially nurses, women, people in Wuhan and frontline health care workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID-19.	IV
A3	A Qualitative Study on the Psychological Experience of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients⁽¹⁴14 Sun N, Shi S, Jiao D. A Qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020 48(6):592-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.0... ⁾	2020/China/American Journal of Infection Control	To explore the psychological aspects of nurses who care for patients with COVID-19. Qualitative study	During an epidemic outbreak, the positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses	IV
A4	Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study⁽¹⁵15 Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: a cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;S0889-1591(20)30348-2. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.02... ⁾	2020/China/Brain, Behavior, and Immunity	To identify the mental health status of the medical and nursing staff in Wuhan, the effectiveness of the psychological care provided and the needs for psychological care. Cross-sectional study	A large proportion of workers are experiencing mental health disorders. They would benefit from mental health care. Greater investment in mental health tools to protect health professionals would be among the measures needed to prepare for future outbreaks of infectious diseases.	IV
A5	Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control⁽¹⁶16 Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang M, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain Behav Immun. 2020:S0889-1591(20)30309-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.00... ⁾	2020/China/Brain, Behavior, and Immunity	To evaluate vicarious traumatization scores using a questionnaire based on a mobile application in the general population and health workers. Cross-sectional study	Increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the health team and the general population, under the situation of spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization are extremely necessary.	IV

Categorias	Articles
Categorias	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5
1. Insufficient training and personal protective equipment to combat COVID-19	X	X	X	X
2. Feelings of health professionals in the fight against COVID-19	X	X	X		X
3. Need for psychological/psychiatric support to professionals	X	X	X	X
4. Post-epidemic consequences for the mental health of health professionals				X	X

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[1] Corresponding author: Marcelle Paiano. E-mail: marcellepaiano@hotmail.com