Information about COVID-19 for deaf people: an analysis of Youtube videos in Brazilian sign language

Galindo Neto, Nelson Miguel; Sá, Guilherme Guarino de Moura; Pereira, Juliana de Castro Nunes; Barbosa, Luciana Uchôa; Barros, Lívia Moreira; Caetano, Joselany Áfio

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0291

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (Suppl 1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0291 copy

Information about COVID-19 for deaf people: an analysis of Youtube videos in Brazilian sign language

Información sobre COVID-19 para sordos: análisis de videos de youtube en lengua de signos brasileña

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to analyze YouTube videos with information about COVID-19 in Brazilian sign language.

Methods:

a cross-sectional study conducted with 402 videos from the YouTube sharing platform. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s correlation tests were used.

Results:

the videos mainly covered COVID-19 prevention (20.6%). There was a positive correlation between video length and number of views (p<0.001). The length of more than 20 minutes was associated with narration only in BSL (p=0.37) and in BSL with audio (p<0.001), while videos with less than 20 minutes were associated with simultaneous narration in BSL, audio and subtitles. Those with narration only in BSL had a similar number of views to those narrated with subtitles and/or audio (p=0.998).

Conclusion:

the videos were mostly short and included COVID-19 prevention. The longer the video, the greater the number of views. Regardless the presentation of narrations, the videos had a similar number of views.

Descriptors:
Coronavirus; Sign Language; Persons with Hearing Impairments; Instructional Films and Videos; Health Education

Post channel type	Video length			Total
	Short	Intermediate	Long	Total
	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)	n(%)
Natural/legal person	185 (46.0)	68 (16.9)	7 (1.7)	260 (64.7)
Public education	61 (15.2)	17 (4.2)	0 (0.0)	78 (19.4)
News agencies	20 (5.0)	5 (1.2)	5 (1.2)	30 (7.5)
Religious Institution	2 (0.5)	6 (1.5)	0 (0.0)	8 (2.0)
State Health Departments	5 (1.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.2)	6 (1.5)
NGOs/Unions/Associations	1 (0.2)	4 (1.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (1.2)
Private education	3 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (0.7)
BSL Translation Company	3 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (0.7)
Ministry of Health	2 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.5)
Municipal Health Departments	2 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.5)
Entertainment Institution	2 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.5)
Culture Institution	2 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.5)
Municipal Department of Education	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.2)
Total	289 (71.9)	100 (24.9)	13 (3.2)	402 (100.0)

Narration	Video length
	Short		Intermediate		Long
	n(%)	p	n(%)	p	n(%)	p
BSL	102 (69.4)	0.397^* * Chi-Square;	44 (29.9)	0.075^* * Chi-Square;	1 (0.7)	0.037^ Fischer's exact; BSL: Brazilian Sign Language.
BSL and subtitle	60 (75.0)	0.489^* * Chi-Square;	20 (25.0)	0.977^* * Chi-Square;	0 (0.0)	0.080^ Fischer's exact; BSL: Brazilian Sign Language.
BSL and audio	97 (67.8)	0.179^* * Chi-Square;	34 (23.8)	0.705^* * Chi-Square;	12 (8.4)	<0.001^ Fischer's exact; BSL: Brazilian Sign Language.
BSL, subtitle and audio	30 (93.8)	0.004^* * Chi-Square;	2 (6.2)	0.009^ Fischer's exact; BSL: Brazilian Sign Language.	0 (0.0)	0.611^ Fischer's exact; BSL: Brazilian Sign Language.

Subtopic	Available	Views (seconds)	Likes	Dislikes
Subtopic	n(%)	Md (P25-P75)	Md (P25-P75)	Md (P25-P75)
Prevention actions	83 (20.6)	37 (10-248)	3 (0-20)	0 (0-0)
General information	76 (18.9)	74 (17.2-283.7)	5 (1.2-21.7)	0 (0-0)
Pandemic news	68 (16.9)	50.5 (17.5-344.7)	4 (1-20)	0 (0-0)
Teaching of signs in BSL	56 (13.9)	59 (19.5-219.5)	6 (2-19)	0 (0-0)
Social isolation	26 (6.5)	52.5 (26.2-238.2)	5 (0.7-17.7)	0 (0-1)
Paralysis in education	20 (5.0)	55.5 (32-238)	2.5 (1-10)	0 (0-0)
Religious message	11 (2.7)	95 (30-416)	16 (5-62)	0 (0-0)
Mental health care	8 (2.0)	46 (8.5-133.2)	3.5 (2-14.5)	0 (0-0)
Government actions	7 (1.7)	14128 (22-211321)	279 (0-2100)	103 (0-635)
COVID-19 symptoms	7 (1.7)	33 (22-161)	2 (0-16)	0 (0-0)
Handwashing	7 (1.7)	63 (23-1584)	4 (3-38)	0 (0-0)
Treatment of COVID-19	6 (1.5)	21.5 (5.7-395)	4.5 (0-15.5)	0 (0-0)
Scientific data of the virus	5 (1.2)	241 (18-35094)	10 (2.5-1376)	0 (0-111)
Places to get information	4 (1.0)	127 (62.2-514.2)	13.5 (7.7-32)	0 (0-0)
Use of gel alcohol	3 (0.7)	99 (96-107)	3 (2-7)	0 (0-0)
Closing of institutions	3 (0.7)	169 (135-215)	6 (5-17)	0 (0-1)
Impact on the economy	3 (0.7)	1583 (170-5995)	54 (43-153)	7 (0-49)
Care for mother and baby	2 (0.5)	163.5 (19-308)	4 (4-4)	0 (0-0)
Infections in animals	2 (0.5)	117.5 (14-221)	5.5 (1-10)	0 (0-0)
Immune response	2 (0.5)	7867.5 (16-15719)	368 (0-736)	21.5 (0-43)
Viruses on surfaces	1 (0.2)	810^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	13^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	2^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.
Air conditioning cleaning	1 (0.2)	1156^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	6^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	0^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.
Diagnosis of COVID 19	1 (0.2)	34^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	2^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.	0^* * Presentation of the absolute frequency, due to lack of data dispersion.

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[1] Corresponding author: Nelson Miguel Galindo Neto E-mail: nelsongalindont@hotmail.com