Relationship between family functionality and the quality of life of the elderly

Souza Júnior, Edison Vitório de; Viana, Eduarda Raquel; Cruz, Diego Pires; Silva, Cristiane dos Santos; Rosa, Randson Souza; Siqueira, Lais Reis; Sawada, Namie Okino

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0106

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0106 linkcopy

Relationship between family functionality and the quality of life of the elderly

Relación entre funcionalidad de la familia y calidad de vida del anciano

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the correlation between family functionality and the quality of life of the elderly.

Method: Sectional and correlational study conducted with 692 Brazilian elderly between July and October 2020. The elderly filled three instruments: biosociodemographic, family APGAR and WHOQOL-Old. The tests Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyzed the data. The study considered a 95% confidence interval (p < 0.05) for all analyses.

Results: The elderly with mild and severe family dysfunction presented worse quality of life when compared to the elderly with a functional family. All facets of quality of life correlated positively with family functionality.

Conclusion: Family functionality is positively correlated with the quality of life of the elderly, therefore requiring the inclusion of the family in health care plans to identify potential family stressors early and plan interventions to solve the problems raised.

Descriptors: Public Health; Health of the Elderly; Family Relations; Quality of Life; Family

	Familiar functionality			Quality of life
	F	MD	DS	SS	AUT	PPFA	SP	DD	INT	QVG
	Mean positions
Gender
Male	347.31	346.16	346.03	319.54^‡ ‡ ,	352.01	344.11	342.12	360.34	350.71	345.29
Female	345.58	347.74	346.17	385.54^‡ ‡ ,	340.25	351.49	354.08	326.65	341.76	348.97
p value	0.946	0.639	0.126	*< 0.001^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.168	0.271	0.339	0.090	0.469	0.753
Marital status
Married	354.82	346.37	338.30^‡ ‡ ,	327.62^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	337.02	345.56	339.52	345.49	327.90^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	333.30
Steady union	342.35	331.02	366.13^‡ ‡ ,	381.11^‡ ‡ ,	356.74	350.15	360.07	356.43	379.77^‡ ‡ ,	371.57
Steady partner	322.07	361.70	355.73	377.91^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	369.07	346.23	357.37	340.47	378.21^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	367.62
p value	0.148	0.311	*0.011^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.223	0.974	0.470	0.804	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.071
Living time
≤ 5 years	329.56	358.34	351.60	368.49	368.57	359.30	363.77	349.77	387.61^‡ ‡ ,	376.88
6-10 years	376.97	341.45	321.08	423.02^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	383.56	353.08	373.79	375.38	408.54^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	399.31
11-15 years	305.56	365.21	368.73	366.81	358.79	348.42	369.44	326.47	383.44	354.41
16-20 years	317.86	351.09	370.55	304.82^‡ ‡ ,	347.90	333.64	317.64	347.58	335.90	336.49
> 20 years	353.25	341.92	344.33	332.08^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	334.05	343.29	338.86	343.18	324.40^‡ ‡ , .^† † Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.	331.14
p value	0.117	0.804	0.057	*0.004^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.245	0.932	0.387	0.763	*0.001^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.046^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**
Live with children
Yes	327.21	365.99	346.30	335.97	350.48	343.04	348.13	318.61	334.55	333.37
No	359.48^‡ ‡ ,	334.75	345.26	346.41	344.51	347.25	344.40	356.45	349.01	349.66
Does not have	281.17^‡ ‡ ,	394.78	363.56	403.50	351.08	355.10	364.92	366.00	377.43	375.32
p value	*0.005^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	*0.013^ * Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);**	0.564	0.173	0.931	0.936	0.829	0.072	0.431	0.430

Quality of life	Familiar functionality			H	p value
	Functional	Mild dysfunction	Severe dysfunction
	Median (IQ)	Median (IQ)	Median (IQ)
SS	81.25 (68.75-93.75)	75.00 (62.50-93.75)	78.12 (67.18-93.75)	9.693	0.008^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
AUT	75.00 (56.25-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (37.50-68.75)	55.170	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
PPFA	75.00 (62.50-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (37.50-68.75)	94.586	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
SP	75.00 (62.50-81.25)	62.50 (50.00-75.00)	50.00 (35.93-68.75)	63.235	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
DD	75.00 (50.00-87.50)	68.75 (43.75-87.50)	68.75 (43.75-93.75)	7.378	0.025^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
INT	75.00 (68.75-87.50)	68.75 (56.25-75.00)	53.12 (31.25-70.31)	91.335	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.
GQV	72.91 (64.58-81.25)	64.58 (56.25-72.91)	57.81 (46.87-68.75)	85.876	< 0.001^* * Statistical significance by Kruskal-Wallis H test (p < 0.05); IQ - interquartile range; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present and future activities; SP - social participation; MM - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.

Facets of quality of life	Familiar functionality
Facets of quality of life	r	p value
Sensory skills	0.109	0.004
Autonomy	0.330	< 0.001
Past, present and future activities	0.409	< 0.001
Social participation	0.335	< 0.001
Death and dying	0.118	0.002
Intimacy	0.433	< 0.001
Overall quality of life	0.416	< 0.001

	SS	AUT	PPFA	SP	DD	INT	QVG
β	0.766	2.294	2.787	2.468	1.099	3.024	2.073
IC95%	0.245-1.288	1.803-2.785	2.322-3.252	1.948-2.987	0.408-1.790	2.554-3.494	1.735-2.411
p value	0.004	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001
Durbin-Watson	2.075	1.871	1.871	1.905	2.001	1.983	2.028

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[TFN1] ^*
Statistical significance by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05);

[TFN2] ^‡
,

[TFN3] ^†
Differences between groups by Bonferroni's post hoc; F - functional; MD - mild dysfunction; SD - severe dysfunction; SS - sensory skills; AUT - autonomy; PPFA - past, present, and future activities; SP - social participation; DD - death and dying; INT - intimacy; GQV - general Quality of life.