Interventions that facilitate adherence to Pap smear exam: integrative review

Soares, Maurícia Brochado Oliveira; Silva, Sueli Riul da

doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2016690226i

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Sumário

Review • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 69 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690226i copy

Interventions that facilitate adherence to Pap smear exam: integrative review

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to identify scientific productions showing relevant interventions to implement the Cervical Uterine Cancer Prevention Program increasing adherence to exams.

Method:

integrative literature review through an online search in the following databases: LILACS, SciELO, and PubMed^® comprising articles published from 2009 to 2014.

Results:

thirty-eight articles made up the study's final sample. Results showed the following interventions: use of case manager; telephone call; invitation letter; educational activities; media outreach work; community health agents; partnerships; population database screening; and multiple interventions.

Conclusion:

studies are mainly focused on women from developing countries and interventions are efficacious to increase women's knowledge about and adherence to prevention of cervical uterine cancer.

Key words:
Cervix Neoplasms Prevention; Vaginal Smears; Nursing: Women's Health; Health Education

STUDY FORM
Authors: ____________________________________________
Publication year: _____________________________________
Journal:_____________________________________________
Quotation: __________________________________________
Study location: ______________________________________
Number of participants: _______________________________
Type of study: _______________________________________
Study objective: _____________________________________
Kind of intervention made: ____________________________
Period and time of intervention: _______________________
Result achieved: _____________________________________

Title	Year/ Country	Design/Number of participants	Interventions	Outcomes
Case management intervention in cervical cancer prevention: the Boston REACH coalition women's health demonstration project⁽¹⁰10 Clark CR, Baril N, Hall A, Kunicki M, Johnson N, Soukup J, et al. Case management intervention in cervical cancer prevention: the Boston REACH coalition women's health demonstration project. Prog Community Health Partnersh [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];5(3):235-47. Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cpr/summary/v005/5.3.clark01.html http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cpr/summary... ⁾	2011/USA	Pre and post-intervention/732	Case manager	Increase in the uptake of periodic Pap smear exam
Increasing participation in cervical cancer screening: telephone contact with long-term non-attendees in Sweden. Results from RACOMIP, a randomized controlled trial⁽¹¹11 Broberg G, Jonasson JM, Ellis J, Gyrd-Hansen D, Anjemark B, Glantz A, et al. Increasing participation in cervical cancer screening: telephone contact with long-term non-attendees in Sweden: results from RACOMIP, a randomized controlled trial. Int J Cancer [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];133(1):164-71. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.27985/pdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾	2013/Sweden	Intervention with control group/8,800	Telephone call	Increase in participation of women in uptake of exam, and at low cost
Increasing cervical cancer screening for a multiethnic population of women in South Texas⁽¹²12 Fornos LB, Urbansky KA, Villarreal R. Increasing cervical cancer screening for a multiethnic population of women in South Texas. J Cancer Educ. 2014;29(1):62-8.⁾	2014/USA	Cohort/32,807	Automated reminder call	Increase in the uptake of Pap smear exam
Effectiveness of nursing interventions to increase pap smear test screening⁽¹³13 Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Yenen MC. Effectiveness of nursing interventions to increase pap smear test screening. Res Nurs Health [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];36(2):146-57. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nur.21526/epdf http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.10... ⁾	2013/ Turkey	Quasi-experimental/ 2,500	Multiple interventions	Telephone contact was the intervention that facilitated higher adherence to the uptake of Pap smear exam.
Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening⁽¹⁴14 Everett T, Bryant A, Griffin MF, Martin-Hirsch PP, Forbes CA, Jepson RG. Interventions targeted at women to encourage the uptake of cervical screening. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];11(5):CD002834. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4163962/pdf/emss-57241.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011	Integrative review with randomized and controlled clinical trials	Invitation letter	Increase in adherence to cervical cancer prevention programs
A prospective randomized study of two reminding strategies: telephone versus mail in the screening of cervical cancer in women who did not initially respond⁽¹⁵15 Heranney D, Fender M, Velten M, Baldauf JJ. A prospective randomized study of two reminding strategies: telephone versus mail in the screening of cervical cancer in women who did not initially respond. Acta Cytol [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];55(4):334-40. Available from: http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/327527 http://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/3... ⁾	2011/ Alsace	Randomized study/10,662	Invitation letter and telephone call	Both interventions are efficacious, but invitation letter is more affordable and easier to be applied
Methods to increase participation in organized screening programs: a systematic review⁽¹⁶16 Camilloni L, Ferroni E, Cendales BJ, Pezzarossi A, Furnari G, Borgia P, et al. Methods to increase participation in organized screening programs: a systematic review. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];13:464. Available from: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-464 http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com... ⁾	2013	Systematic review	Postcard and invitation letter	Both proved to be efficacious to increase participation in cervical cancer prevention
Intervenciones educativas para la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino⁽¹⁷17 Riquelme GH. Concha XP, Urrutia MT. Intervenciones educativas para la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];77(2):111-5. Available from: http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rchog/v77n2/art06.pdf http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rchog/v77n2/art... ⁾	2012	Bibliographic survey	Educational interventions	Efficacious in adopting behaviors that prevent cervical cancer
Evidence-based intervention to reduce access barriers to cervical cancer screening among underserved Chinese American women⁽¹⁸18 Wang X, Fang C, Tan Y, Liu A, Grace XM. Evidence-based intervention to reduce access barriers to cervical cancer screening among underserved Chinese American women. J Womens Health[Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];19(3):463-9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2867551/pdf/jwh.2009.1422.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2010/ USA	Pre- and post-intervention/ 134	Education in health and Internet	Increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Effectiveness of cultivando la salud: a breast and cervical cancer screening promotion program for low-income Hispanic women⁽¹⁹19 Fernandez ME, Gonzales A, Tortolero-Luna G, Williams J, Saavedra-Embesi M, Chan W, et al. Effectiveness of Cultivando La Salud: a breast and cervical cancer screening promotion program for low-income Hispanic women. Am J Public Health [Internet]. 2009[cited 2014 Aug 14];99(5):936-43. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2667857/pdf/936.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2009/USA	Pre- and post-randomized intervention/ 243	Educational activities	Increase in adherence to the uptake of Pap smear exam
Increasing pap smear utilization among Samoan women: results from a community based participatory randomized trial⁽²⁰20 Mishra SI, Luce PH, Baquet CR. Increasing pap smear utilization among Samoan women: results from a community based participatory randomized trial. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009[cited 2014 Aug 14];20(2Suppl):85-101. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3604739/pdf/nihms-452097.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2009/USA	Randomized intervention/ 398	Culturally adapted educational programs	Increase in adherence to uptake Pap smear exam
Actividades educativas en Cruce de los Baños sobre prevención del cáncer cervicouterino⁽²¹21 Guerra RT, Quiala JT, Lambert SR. Actividades educativas en Cruce de los Baños sobre prevención del cáncer cervicouterino. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];14(8):1097-2001. Available from: http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/san/vol_14_8_10/san08810.htm http://bvs.sld.cu/revistas/san/vol_14_8_... ⁾	2010/ Cuba	Randomized intervention/142	Educational intervention	Increase in adherence to the uptake of Pap smear exam
Cervical cancer screening and adherence to follow-up among Hispanic women study protocol: a randomized controlled trial to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women⁽²²22 Duggan C, Coronado G, Martinez J, Byrd TL, Carosso E, Lopez C, et al. Cervical cancer screening and adherence to follow-up among Hispanic women study protocol: a randomized controlled trial to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women. BMC Cancer [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];2:170-6. Available from: http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-12-170 http://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/artic... ⁾	2012/ USA	Parallel controlled randomized intervention/600	Culturally adapted educational intervention	Increase in adherence to the uptake of Pap smear exam
AMIGAS: a multicity, multicomponent cervical cancer prevention trial among Mexican American women⁽²³23 Byrd TL, Wilson KM, Smith JL, Coronado G, Vernon SW, Fernandez-Esquer ME, et al. AMIGAS: a multicity, multicomponent cervical cancer prevention trial among Mexican American women. Cancer [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];1:1365-72. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603549/pdf/nihms724770.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2013/ USA	Randomized four-component intervention	Educational interventions	Increase in adherence to the uptake of Pap smear exam
ACCISS study rationale and design: activating collaborative cancer information service support for cervical cancer screening⁽²⁴24 Cofta-Woerpel L, Randhawa V, McFadden HG, Fought A, Bullard E, Spring B. ACCISS study rationale and design: activating collaborative cancer information service support for cervical cancer screening. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2009[cited 2014 Aug 14];9:444-54. Available from: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-9-444 http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com... ⁾	2009/ USA	Randomized prospective experimental intervention/20	Focus group with educational interventions	Increase in knowledge about cervical cancer prevention
Community health worker intervention to decrease cervical cancer disparities in Hispanic women⁽²⁵25 O'Brien MJ, Halbert CH, Bixby R, Pimentel S, Shea JA. Community health worker intervention to decrease cervical cancer disparities in Hispanic women. J Gen Intern Med[Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];25(11):1186-92. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2947642/pdf/11606_2010_Article_1434.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2010/ USA	Randomized study/120	Educational intervention with workshops	Positive association between knowledge about cervical cancer and uptake of exam
Acciones educativas para la prevención del cáncer cervicouterino en la adolescencia⁽²⁶26 Nair AGDM, Arroyo MC, Heredia EG, Bahades JB. [Educational actions for the prevention of cervical cancer in adolescents]. MEDISAN [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];15(2):209-14. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/san/v15n2/san10211.pdf Spanish http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/san/v15n2/san10... ⁾	2011/ Venezuela	Intervention/65	Educational intervention	Increase in knowledge about cervical cancer
Interventions that increase use of Pap tests among ethnic minority women: A meta-analysis⁽²⁷27 Han HR Kim J, Lee JE, Hedlin HK, Song H, Song Y, et al. Interventions that increase use of Pap tests among ethnic minority women: a meta-analysis. Psychooncology [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];20(4):341-51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3741532/pdf/nihms491176.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011/ USA	Meta-analysis	Multiple interventions	Community education proved to be efficacious to increase the uptake of Pap smear associated to easy access to health care service
Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer screening among Asian American women⁽²⁸28 Fang CY, Ma GX, Tan Y. Overcoming barriers to cervical cancer screening among Asian American women. N Am J Med Sci (Boston) [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];4(2):77-83. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3115728/pdf/nihms285936.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011	Review	Educational intervention using community members	Favored an increase in screening rates
Impact of media reporting of cervical cancer in a UK celebrity on a population-based cervical screening programme⁽²⁹29 MacArthur GJ, Wright M, Beer H, Paranjothy S. Impact of media reporting of cervical cancer in a UK celebrity on a population-based cervical screening programme. J Med Screen[Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];18(4):204-9. Available from: http://msc.sagepub.com/content/18/4/204.long http://msc.sagepub.com/content/18/4/204.... ⁾	2011/ United Kingdom	Ecological/ 33,000	Media reports about celebrities	Showed a transitory increase in Pap smear exams rate
Using entertainment-education to promote cervical cancer screening in Thai women⁽³⁰30 Love GD, Tanjasiri SP. Using entertainment-education to promote cervical cancer screening in Thai women. J Cancer Educ[Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];27(3): 585-90. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372047/pdf/nihms-666670.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2012/ USA	Quasi-experimental	Thematic soap opera and educational flyers	Increase in knowledge and adherence to Pap smear exam
Building a cervical cancer screening intervention for public health practice⁽³¹31 Smith JL, Wilson KM, Orians CE, Byrd TL. AMIGAS: Building a cervical cancer screening intervention for public health practice. J Womens Health[Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];22(9):718-23. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4603539/pdf/nihms724775.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2013/ USA	Randomized study	Community based educational intervention	Increase in cervical cancer screening
Adherence to cervical and breast cancer programs is crucial to improving screening performance⁽³²32 Mauad EC, Nicolau SM, Moreira LF, Haikel Junior RL, Longatto-Filho A, Baracat EC. Adherence to cervical and breast cancer programs is crucial to improving screening performance. Rural Remote Health[Internet]. 2009[cited 2014 Aug 14];9:1241. Available from: http://www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/article_print_1241.pdf http://www.rrh.org.au/publishedarticles/... ⁾	2009/Brazil	Intervention/ 5,759	Home visit by community health agent	Increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Evaluation of a cervical cancer control intervention using lay health workers for Vietnamese American women⁽³³33 Taylor VM, Jackson C, Yasui Y, Nguyen TT, Woodall E, Acorda E, et al. Evaluation of a cervical cancer control intervention using lay health workers for Vietnamese American women. Am J Public Health[Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];100(10):1924-9. Available from: http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2009.190348 http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/ful... ⁾	2010/ USA	Intervention/ 234	Home visit by health agent	Increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Evaluating the efficacy of lay health advisors for increasing risk-appropriate pap test screening: a randomized controlled trial among Ohio Appalachian women⁽³⁴34 Paskett ED, McLaughlin JM, Lehman AM, Katz ML, Tatum CM, Oliveri JM. Evaluating the efficacy of lay health advisors for increasing risk-appropriate pap test screening: a randomized controlled trial among Ohio Appalachian women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev[Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];20(5):835-43. Available from: http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/20/5/835.long http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/20/... ⁾	2011/ USA	Randomized study/286	Home visit, telephone calls and postcard	Improvement of adherence to the exam
Refinement of an educational toolkit to promote cervical cancer screening among hispanic immigrant women in rural southern Georgia⁽³⁵35 Watson-Johnson LC, Bhagatwala J, Reyes-Garcia C, Hinojosa A, Mason M, Meade CD, et al. Refinement of an educational toolkit to promote cervical cancer screening among hispanic immigrant women in rural southern Georgia. J Health Care Poor Underserved [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];23(4):1704-11. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676893/pdf/nihms-473438.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2012/ USA	Intervention	Educational toolkits and community health agents	Reduction in cultural barriers and increase in adherence to cervical cancer prevention
Kin Keeper SM: design and baseline characteristics of a community-based randomized controlled trial promoting cancer screening in Black, Latina, and Arab women⁽³⁶36 Williams KP, Roman LA, Meghea CI, Penner L, Hammad A, Gardiner J. Kin Keeper SM: design and baseline characteristics of a community-based randomized controlled trial promoting cancer screening in Black, Latina, and Arab women. Contemp Clin Trials [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];34(2):312-9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594085/pdf/nihms431768.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2013/ USA	Controlled randomized study/514	Education in health through community health agents	Increase of adherence to Pap smear exam
Increasing cervical cancer screening in the United States-Mexico border region⁽³⁷37 Thompson B, Vilchis H, Moran C, Copeland W, Holte S, Duggan C. Increasing cervical cancer screening in the United States-Mexico border region. J Rural Health [Internet]. 2014[cited 2014 Aug 14];30(2):196-205. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jrh.12044/abstract http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.11... ⁾	2014/ USA	Intervention/ 162	Education in health through community health agents	Good adherence to Pap smear exam
Cervical cancer prevention: new tools and old barriers⁽³⁸38 Scarinci IC, Garcia FAR, Kobetz E, Partridge EE, Brandt HM, Bell MC, et al. Cervical cancer prevention: new tools and old barriers. Cancer [Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];116(11):2531-42. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2876205/pdf/nihms179540.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2010/ USA	Intervention	Partnership between the university and community	Reduction in social barriers and increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Increasing cervical cancer screening in a hispanic migrant farmworker community through faith-based clinical outreach⁽³⁹39 Luque JS, Tyson DM, Markossian T, Lee JH, Turner R, Proctor S, et al. Increasing cervical cancer screening in a hispanic migrant farmworker community through faith-based clinical outreach. J Low Genit Tract Dis [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];15(3):200-4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3735442/pdf/nihms319444.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011/ USA	Review	Partnership of health services with faith-based entities	Increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Innovative approaches to promoting cervical health and raising cervical cancer awareness by use of existing cultural structures in resource-limited countries: experiences with traditional marriage counseling in Zambia⁽⁴⁰40 Kapambwe S, Parham G, Mwanahamuntu M,Chirwa S, Mwanza J, Amuyunzu-Nyamongo M. Innovative approaches to promoting cervical health and raising cervical cancer awareness by use of existing cultural structures in resource-limited countries: experiences with traditional marriage counseling in Zambia. Glob Health Promot [Internet]. 2013[cited 2014 Aug 14];20(4 Suppl):57-64. Available from: http://ped.sagepub.com/content/20/4_suppl/57.long http://ped.sagepub.com/content/20/4_supp... ⁾	2013/ Africa	Intervention/70	Partnership of health services with faith-based entities	Increase in adherence to Pap smear exam
Adaptation of a cervical cancer education program for african americans in the faith-based community, Atlanta, Georgia, 2012⁽⁴¹41 Haynes V, Escoffery C, Wilkerson C, Bell R, Flowers L. Adaptation of a cervical cancer education program for african americans in the faith-based community, Atlanta, Georgia, 2012. Prev Chronic Dis [Internet]. 2014[cited 2014 Aug 14];11:130271. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/pdf/13_0271.pdf http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/pdf/1... ⁾	2014/ USA	Methodological	Educational intervention associated to churches	Increase in adherence to cervical cancer prevention
Socio-economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening practices in Europe: influence of the type of screening program⁽⁴²42 Palencia L, Espelt A, Rodrıguez-Sanz M, Puigpinós R, Pons-Vigués M, Pasaríns MI, et al. Socio-economic inequalities in breast and cervical cancer screening practices in Europe: influence of the type of screening program. Int J Epidemiol [Internet]. 2010[cited 2014 Aug 14];39:757-65. Available from: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/3/757.long http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/39... ⁾	2010/ 22 European countries	Cross-sectional	Population-based screening	Showed more efficiency than opportunistic screening
A systematic review of interventions to increase breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Asian women⁽⁴³43 Lu M, Moritz S, Lorenzetti D, Sykes L, Straus S, Quan H. A systematic review of interventions to increase breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Asian women. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];12:413-29. Available from: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-413 http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com... ⁾	2012	Systematic review	Multiple interventions	Combination of group education and availability of exam uptake is more efficacious
Updated recommendations for client- and provider-oriented interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening⁽⁴⁴44 Fielding JE, Rimer BK, Calonge N, Clymer JM, Glanz K, Goetzel RZ, et al. Updated recommendations for client- and provider-oriented interventions to increase breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. Am J Prev Med [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];43(1):92-6. Available from: http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2812%2900256-5/abstract⁾	2012/ USA	Descriptive	Multiple interventions	Group education, dissemination in media, and reduction of structural barriers to health services are efficacious
Effective interventions to facilitate the uptake of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an implementation guideline⁽⁴⁵45 Brouwers MC, Vito CD, Bahirathan L, Carol A, Carroll J, Cotterchio M, et al. Effective interventions to facilitate the uptake of breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: an implementation guideline. Implement Sci [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];6:112-20. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3222606/pdf/1748-5908-6-112.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011	Methodological	Multiple interventions	Reminders and reduction in health service barriers are efficacious to enhance screening
Influencing women's actions on cervical cancer screening and treatment in Karawang District, Indonesia⁽⁴⁶46 Kim YM, Ati A, Kols A, Lambe FM, Soetikno D, Wysong M, et al. Influencing women's actions on cervical cancer screening and treatment in Karawang District, Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev [Internet]. 2012[cited 2014 Aug 14];13(6):2913-21. Available from: http://www.apocpcontrol.org/paper_file/issue_abs/Volume13_No6/2913-21%205.31%20Young-Mi%20Kim.pdf http://www.apocpcontrol.org/paper_file/i... ⁾	2012/Asia	Qualitative research	Multiple interventions	Increase in adherence by disseminating information, paying home visits, and providing free exams
What implementation interventions increase cancer screening rates? a systematic review⁽⁴⁷47 Brouwers MC, Vito CD, Bahirathan L, Carol A, Carroll J, Cotterchio M, et al. What implementation interventions increase cancer screening rates? a systematic review. Implement Sci [Internet]. 2011[cited 2014 Aug 14];6:111-28. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3197548/pdf/1748-5908-6-111.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles... ⁾	2011	Systematic review	Multiple interventions	Increase in adherence with reminders, dissemination in the media, education in health, and reduction in health service barriers

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Sueli da Silva Riul. E-mail: sueliriul@terra.com.br