Quality of life and body image of patients with urinary disorders

to assess the quality of life and body image of men with difficulty urinating and indwelling urinary catheter users, integrating the socio-demographic, economic and morbidity variables.

Method:

a cross-sectional analytical study with 64 male patients with urinary problems. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: one containing sociodemographic, economic and morbid data, the Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey to analyze quality of life, and the Body Dysmorphic Examination, which assesses body image. T-test, Mann-Whitney, Pearson, Spearman, Linear Regression and Stepwise were used.

Results:

quality of life and body image were compromised in both groups, affecting emotional aspects, with a high degree of body dissatisfaction and altered physical and social adversity.

Conclusion:

changes in patients’ quality of life and body image were observed, confirming the need for improvement in care.

Descriptors:
Quality of Life; Self Concept; Patients; Urinary Catheterization; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Variables	Difficulty Urinating n=32	Urinary Catheter n=32	p value
Variables	n (%)	n (%)	p value
Age Group
40 to 59 years	15 (46.9)	5 (15.6)	0.0009^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant),
60 to 79 years	17 (53.1)	21(65.6)
80 and over	0 (0.0)	6 (18.8)
Education
Illiterate	13 (40.6)	20 (62.5)	0.0800
Incomplete elementary education	15 (46.9)	9 (28.1)
Complete elementary education	1 (3.1)	2 (6.3)
Secondary education	2 (6.3)	1 (3.1)
Higher education	1 (3.1)	0 (0.0)
Monthly Income			0.8352
No income	3 (9.4)	0 (0.0)
Up to one minimum wage	13 (40.6)	14 (43.8)
From one to three minimum wages	15 (46.9)	18 (56.2)
Four wages or more	1 (3.1)	0 (0.0)
'Occupation			0.0054^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant),
Employee	4 (12.5)	2 (6.2)
Self-employed	10 (31.2)	2 (6.3)
Retired	16 (50)	28 (87.5)
Unemployed	2 (6.3)	0 (0.0)

Variables	n (%)
Medical Diagnosis
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)	24 (75.0)
Prostatitis	7 (21.9)
Urethral stenosis	1 (3.1)
Treatment performed
Medicated	31 (96.9)
Other	1 (3.1)
Has stream of urine interrupted several times when urinating
Yes	30 (93.8)
No	2 (6.2)
How many times you needed to urinate again, in less than two hours from the last episode
Rarely	1 (3.1)
Sometimes	8 (25.0)
Often	23 (71.9)
Feels pain or burning when urinating
Yes	29 (90.6)
No	3 (9.4)
Time when you had the feeling of not completely emptying your bladder after urinating
Sometimes	13 (40.6)
Often	19 (59.4)
Already had urinary retention
Yes	11 (34.4)
No	21 (65.6)
Needs to force to eliminate urine
Yes	31 (96.9)
No	1 (3.1)
What complication due to difficulty urinating
Urinary tract infection	16 (72.7)
Haematuria	4 (18.1)
Erection difficulty	2 (9.2)
Features weak urine stream
Yes	32 (100)

Variables/Domains	Difficulty Urinating	Urinary Catheter	p value
SF-36
Functional capacity	44.84	26.72	0.0021^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Physical Aspects	13.28	5.47	0.0805
Pain	40.81	33.94	0.2046
General Health Status	38.56	17.78	0.0001^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Vitality	48.91	27.97	0.0001^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Social Aspects	56.64	40.63	0.0003^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Emotional Aspects	4.17	4.17	1.0000
Mental Health	57.88	58.25	0.9351
BDDE	91.26	97.28	0.3761

SF-36		FC	PA	P	GHS	V	SA	EA	MH
BDDE
DPU	R	-0.26	-0.12	-0.23	0.20	-0.18	-0.26	0.03	-0.43
	p value	0.16	0.50	0.21	0.27	0.34	0.15	0.87	0.01^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant); DPU - Difficulty Urinating; CUD - Indwelling Urinary Catheter, SF-36 - Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey, BDDE - Body Dysmorphic Examination, FC - Functional Capacity; PA - Physical Aspects; P - Pain; GHS - General Health Status; V - Vitality; SA - Social Aspects; EA - Emotional Aspects; MH - Mental Health.
IUC	R	0.13	-0.10	0.01	-0.06	0.06	-0.07	-0.21	-0.12
	p value	0.47	0.60	0.94	0.76	0.75	0.70	0.25	0.52

Domains of SF-36 Variables	Estimate		p value
Domains of SF-36 Variables	Difficulty Urinating	Urinary Catheter	p value
Functional Capacity
Medical diagnosis (others)	-18.13	-	0.04^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Education (literate)	-	27.25	0.01^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Physical Aspects	-	-	-
Pain
Diagnostic time	-19.05	-	0.02^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
General Health Status
Already had urinary retention (no)	-12.86	-	0.03^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Religion (Catholic)	-	11.64	0.02^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Education (literate)	-	11.75	0.02^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Complication related to catheter use (yes)	-	-12.54	0.04^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Vitality
Complication related to catheter use (yes)	-	-19.84	0.01^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Education (literate)	-	13.93	0.03^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Social Aspects
Education (literate)	16.04	-	0.005^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Diagnostic time (3 months to 1 year)	-	14.97	0.004^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Complication related to catheter use (yes)	-	-18.59	0.005^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Emotional Aspects
Medical diagnosis (others)	16.67	-	0.002^* * p ≤ 0.05 (statistically significant).
Mental Health	-	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: Gardênia Lima Gurgel do Amaral E-mail: gardeniagurgel@hotmail.com