This study outlines the beginnings and principles of the "Participatory" Movement (MP), which was created in opposition to the policies developed by the administration of the Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEn). It starts in the 1980's, and criticizes ABEn for: a) reproducing the official policies and the medical industry's interest; b) being a centralizing and authoritarian organization; c) focusing mainly on the scientific and cultural development of nurses, while minimizing the importance of political-professional reflection, as well as the role of the profession and professional associations in the social-historical context; d) not participating in the formulation of public health policies. The "Participatory" Movement wins the elections of ABEn and takes over the association in 1986. The results of this new practice are still under construction. The achievements and withdrawals of ABEn will depend on our capacity of building a profession that is technically competent, critical, creative and, above all, socially acknowledged as an ally in the defense of the right to health.
history of nursing; non-governmental organizations; social sciences; nursing associations