Conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas sobre cáncer de boca y orofaríngeo: una revisión integrativa

Barros, Andrea Tatiane Oliveira da Silva; Silva, Clayton Clenisson de Carvalho; Santos, Vanessa de Carla Batista dos; Panjwani, Camila Maria Beder Ribeiro Girish; Barbosa, Kevan Guilherme Nóbrega; Ferreira, Sonia Maria Soares

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REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 74 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0080 copiar

Conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas sobre cáncer de boca y orofaríngeo: una revisión integrativa

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas cuanto a los factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de boca/ orofaríngeo.

Métodos:

revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas mediante los descriptores y operadores booleanos en base de datos PubMed y LILACS, con uso de literatura gris, en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués.

Resultados:

de los 79 artículos del PubMed y 152 del LILACS, 24 seleccionados. De estos, ocho mostraron bueno conocimiento de los dentistas, mientras la mayoría mostró bajo o poco conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz en dentistas. Todos los estudios, aunque, destacan la necesidad de educación continuada para mejorar y mantener el conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz.

Conclusiones:

gran parte de los quirúrgicos dentistas presenta un conocimiento insuficiente sobre cáncer de boca/orofaríngeo. Sugerida educación continuada, objetivando mejorar el conocimiento y el diagnóstico precoz.

Descriptores:
Quirúrgicos Dentistas; Conocimiento; Cáncer de Boca; Factores Epidemiológicos; Educación en Salud

Title	Year of Publication/Country	Design/number of patients	Intervention	Outcome
Knowledge, opinions and practices of general dentists Regarding oral cancer: a pilot survey⁽³3 Yellowitz J, Horowitz AM, Goodman HS, Canto MT, Farooq NS. Knowledge, opinions and practices of general dentists regarding oral cancer: a pilot survey. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998 May;129(5):579-83. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0275 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.19... ⁾	1998 EUA	Cross-sectional n=267	Pilot test of a questionnaire to assess knowledge, opinions and practices about oral cancer among dentists in Maryland, Baltimore.	Knowledge about risk factors for oral cancer, signs and symptoms were inconsistent.
Primary care clinicians' knowledge of oral cancer: a study of dentists and doctors in the North East of England⁽¹⁵15 Greenwood M, Lowry RJ. Primary care clinicians' knowledge of oral cancer: a study of dentists and doctors in the North East of England. Br Dent J. 2001;191(9):510-2. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4801219 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4801219... ⁾	2001 England	Cross-sectional n=278	To evaluate the knowledge of oral cancer of physicians and dentists in the Northeastern of England.	The knowledge of both groups is generally good, but there are some discrepancies, especially in relation to the knowledge of risk factors and techniques of clinical examination.
Oral Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Knowledge, Practices, and Opinions of Oral Health Care Providers in New York State⁽¹⁶16 Gajendra S, Cruz GD, Kumar JV. Oral Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Knowledge, Practices, and Opinions of Oral Health Care Providers in New York State. J Cancer Educ. 2006;21(3):157-62. doi: 10.1207/s15430154jce2103_14 https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430154jce2103... ⁾	2006 USA	Cross-sectional n=1129	To evaluate the knowledge, practices and opinions of dentists and dental hygienists in the state of New York regarding oral cancer prevention and detection.	Dentists and dental hygienists are aware of oral cancer, but there are some gaps in the knowledge of certain risk factors and in the examination of oral cancer.
Oral cancer and dentists: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Italy⁽⁶6 Colella G, Maria G, Moscariello A, Angelillo IF. Oral cancer and dentists: knowledge, attitudes , and practices in Italy. Oral Oncol. 2008;44(4):393-9. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2... ⁾	2008 Italy	Cross-sectional n=457	To evaluate, through a questionnaire, the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of dentists in relation to oral cancer, in Italy.	Respondents know the main risk factors and only half of them identified the diagnostic procedures.
Câncer bucal - a prática e a realidade clínica dos cirurgiões-dentistas de Santa Catarina ⁽ ¹⁰10 Cimard ACBS, Fernandes APS. [Oral cancer - the real and practices the dentistry of Santa Catarina]. RFO UPF. 2009. 14(2):99-104. doi:10.5335/rfo.v14i2.719 Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.5335/rfo.v14i2.719... ⁾	2009 Brazil	Cross-sectional n=385	To evaluate the practice and clinical attitude of dental surgeons in Santa Catarina regarding to oral cancer.	It is necessary to disseminate oral cancer diagnosis services to professionals in Santa Catarina, and make the dentist responsible for diagnosing this disease.
Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas em relação ao câncer bucal ⁽ ⁹9 Falcão MML, Alves TDB, Freitas VS, Coelho TCB. Knowledge of dentists as regards oral cancer. RGO[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2020 Jan 5];58(1):27-33. Available from: http://revodonto.bvsalud.org/pdf/rgo/v58n1/a06v58n1.pdf http://revodonto.bvsalud.org/pdf/rgo/v58... ⁾	2010 Brazil	Exploratory Study n=240	To verify the knowledge of the dental surgeon in relation to oral cancer, in Feira de Santana, Bahia.	The dentists did not present the minimum knowledge necessary in relation to the disease.
Knowledge and attitudes about oral cancer among dentists in Spain⁽⁷7 Lopez-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Molina-Minano F. Knowledge and attitudes about oral cancer among dentists in Spain. J Eval Clin Pract. 2010;16(1):129-33. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01132.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009... ⁾	2010 Spain	Cross-sectional n=340	To study the knowledge, opinions and attitudes of dentists about aspects of oral cancer in Spain.	There are some gaps in knowledge, strongly suggesting the need for ongoing courses in educational detection and prevention of oral cancer.
Oral cancer: knowledge, practices and opinions of dentists in Ireland⁽¹⁷17 Decuseara G, MacCarthy D, Menezes G. Oral cancer: knowledge, practices and opinions of dentists in Ireland. J Ir Dent Assoc [Internet]. 2011[cited 2019 Jul 30];57(4):209-14. Available from: https://www.dentist.ie/_fileupload/2011%2057%20No_%204%20-%20Aug%20Sept.pdf https://www.dentist.ie/_fileupload/2011%... ⁾	2011 Ireland	Cross-sectional n=254	To assess dentists' knowledge of risk factors and diagnosis in oral cancer in Ireland.	Dentists in Ireland are aware of cancer risk factors and diagnostic concepts.
Oral Cancer Awareness among Dentists in Kuwait⁽⁸8 Joseph BK, Sundaram DB, Sharma P. Oral cancer awareness among dentists in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract. 2012;21:164-170. doi: 10.1159/000333543 https://doi.org/10.1159/000333543... ⁾	2012 Kuwait	Cross-sectional n=153	To evaluate the knowledge, concepts, practices and diagnostic opinions of dentists in Kuwait in relation to oral cancer prevention and early detection.	Need for better knowledge and education methods for dentists regarding oral cancer.
Avaliação do conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas quanto ao câncer bucal ⁽ ¹⁸18 Alvarenga ML, Couto MG, Ribeiro ADO, Coelho R, Milagres M, Messora MR, Kawata LT. [Evaluation of the knowledge of dentists regarding oral cancer]. RFO UPF. 2012;17(1):31-5. Portuguese. ⁾	2012 Brazil	Cross-sectional n=74	To evaluate the knowledge of dentists in the city of Lavras - MG about oral cancer.	The professionals were not properly prepared to prevent and diagnose mouth cancer early.
Knowledge, attitude and screening practices of general dentists concerning oral cancer in Bangalore city⁽¹⁹19 Kumar KVV, Suresan V. Knowledge, attitude and screening practices of general dentists concerning oral cancer in Bangalore city. Indian J Cancer. 2012;49(1):33-8. doi: 10.4103/0019-509X.98915 https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.98915... ⁾	2012 India	Cross-sectional n=240	To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of oral cancer screening among dentists in the city of Bangalore - India.	Given the level of inconsistencies among dentists about knowledge about oral cancer and its clinical practice. The responses suggest the need to develop continuing education opportunities tailored to the needs of dentists.
Early detection of oral cancer: Dentists' opinions and practices before and after educational interventions in Northern-Germany⁽²⁰20 Hertrampf K, Wenz H-J, Koller M, Grund S, Wiltfang J. Early detection of oral cancer: dentists' opinions and practices before and after educational interventions in Northern-Germany. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41(8):e201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.01.019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2013.01.0... ⁾	2013 Germany	Community Trial n=394	To evaluate dentists' opinions and practices on oral cancer after an educational intervention for more than a year in Northern Germany.	Opinions and practices for early detection of oral cancer have improved, particularly for the group of dentists who attended the course.
Dentists Perception of the Role they Play in Early Detection of Oral Cancer⁽²¹21 Saleh A, Kong YH, Vengu N, Badrudeen H, Zain RB, Cheong SC. Dentists' perception of the role they play in early detection of oral cancer. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2014;15(1):229-37. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.229 https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.... ⁾	2014 Malaysia	Cross-sectional n=412	To determine dentists' perception of their role in promoting early oral cancer prevention and detection and to measure current dentistry practices in Malaysia.	The level of knowledge about early signs and risk habits associated with oral cancer was high and most reported having performed opportunistic screening and advised patients on risk of quitting.
Impact of Academic and Continuing Education on Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Dentists in North-Western Italy⁽²²22 Pentenero M, Chiecchio A, Gandolfo S. Impact of academic and continuing education on oral cancer knowledge, attitude and practice among dentists in north-western Italy. J Cancer Educ. 2014;29(1):151-7. doi: 10.1007/s13187-013-0562-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-013-0562-... ⁾	2014 Italy	Cross-sectional n=479	To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists in the province of Turin (northwestern Italy) about oral cancer prevention and early detection.	The present study highlights several limitations in education, preparation in oral oncology, as well as a tendency to overestimate their knowledge among dentists in the Province of Turin.
Conhecimentos e atitudes de cirurgiões-dentistas Frente ao câncer bucal ⁽ ¹⁴14 Ivison F, Limeira R, Newton I, Maia L, Guilherme K, Barbosa N, et al. [Knowledge and attitudes of dentists toward oral cancer]. Odontol. Clín.-Cient. 2015;14(4):835-40. Portuguese. ⁾	2015 Brazil	Cross-sectional n=44	To characterize the knowledge and attitudes of dentists working in the private network of Campina Grande, Paraíba, about oral cancer.	Dental surgeons were committed to the prevention and diagnosis of oral cancer, understanding the vital importance of diagnosis in the early clinical stage.
Factors Influencing Early Detection of Oral Cancer by Primary Health-Care Professionals⁽²³23 Hassona Y, Scully C, Shahin A, Maayta W, Sawair F. Factors influencing early detection of oral cancer by Primary Health-Care Professionals. J Cancer Educ. 2016;31(2):285-91. doi: 10.1007/s13187-015-0823-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0823-... ⁾	2016 Jordan	Cross-sectional n=330	To determine early detection practices performed by primary health care professionals, compare subgroups of doctors and dentists, and identify factors that influence the ability to recognize precancerous changes and clinical signs of oral cancer.	The present study demonstrated an inadequate level of knowledge about oral cancer among primary care professionals, showed inadequate early detection practices and limited diagnostic skills.
Comportamentos e conhecimentos de cirurgiões-dentistas da atenção primária à saúde quanto ao câncer bucal ⁽ ²⁴24 Gabriel J, Souza S, Aparecida M, Sá B De, Araújo D, Popoff V. [Behaviors and knowledge of dentists of the Primary Health Care regarding oral cancer]. Cad Saúde Colet. 2016;24(2):170-7. doi: 10.1590/1414-462X201600020250 Portuguese. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X2016000... ⁾	2016 Brazil	Cross-sectional n=70	To identify the behaviors and knowledge of dentists in primary health care regarding oral cancer, in Montes Claros - MG.	Most of the evaluated dental surgeons have satisfactory knowledge related to oral cancer. However, the knowledge demonstrated has not been put into practice in their work activities.
Comparison of Practices, Knowledge, Confidence, and Attitude toward Oral Cancer among Oral Health Professionals between Japan and Australia⁽²⁵25 Haresaku S, Makino M, Sugiyama S et al. Comparison of practices, knowledge, confidence, and attitude toward oral cancer among oral health professionals between Japan and Australia. J Cancer Educ. 2018;33:429-35. doi: 10.1007/s13187-016-1086-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-016-1086-... ⁾	2016 Japan	Cross-sectional n=351	To investigate the practices, knowledge, confidence and attitude towards oral cancer among Japanese oral health professionals, comparing them with Australia.	Japanese dentists' knowledge of risk factors and confidence in oral cancer was less than Australian dentists. Therefore, continuing education and training programs must be provided.
Oral Cancer and Dentists: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Chile⁽²⁶26 Stillfried A, Rocha A, Colella G, Escobar E. [Oral Cancer and Dentists: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Chile]. Int. J. Odontostomat. 2016;10(3):521-9. doi:10.4067/S0718-381X2016000300021 Spanish https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X201600... ⁾	2016 Chile	Cross-sectional n=205	Describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer of dentists in Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.	Deficiencies in knowledge, attitudes and practices were observed in relation to Oral cancer.
Knowledge of Oral Precancerous Lesions Considering Years Since Graduation Among Dentists in the Capital City of Iran: a Pathway to Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Referral?⁽²⁷27 Taheri JB, Namazi Z, Azimi S, Mehdipour M, Behrovan R, Rezaei Far K. Knowledge of oral precancerous lesions considering years since graduation among dentists in the Capital City of Iran: a pathway to early oral cancer diagnosis and referral?. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(8):2103-8. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2103 https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8... ⁾	2018 Iran	Cross-sectional n=153	To evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of general dentists about oral precancerous lesions and risk factors for oral cancer in Tehran, Iran.	According to the results, it can be concluded that the knowledge of dentists in the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and mouth cancer is lacking in some aspects.
Early Detection of Oral Cancer- Dentists Knowledge and Practices in the United Arab Emirates⁽²⁸28 Hashim R, Abo-Fanas A, Al-Tak A, Al-Kadri A, Ebaid YA. Early detection of oral cancer - dentists' knowledge and practices in the United Arab Emirates. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018;19(8):2351-5. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8.2351 https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.8... ⁾	2018 United Arab Emirates	Cross-sectional n=298	To evaluate dentists' knowledge, opinions and practices regarding the detection of oral cancer in the United Arab Emirates.	The findings of the present study identified several deficiencies in the knowledge of dentists working in the United Arab Emirates in relation to the early detection of Oral Cancer.
Oral Cancer Knowledge Assessment: Newly Graduated versus Senior Dental Clinicians⁽⁴4 Spaulonci GP, Souza RS De, Pecorari VGA, Dib LL. Oral Cancer Knowledge Assessment?: Newly Graduated versus Senior Dental Clinicians. Int J Dent. 2018;2018: 1-12. doi: 10.1155/2018/9368918 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9368918... ⁾	2018 Brazil	Cross-sectional n=477	To evaluate the level of knowledge about oral cancer of dentists in the city of São Paulo, and to compare the level of knowledge obtained between recent graduates and graduates for over 30 years.	It can be concluded that, among those studied, recently graduated clinicians had a higher level of knowledge compared to dentists with more than 30 years of practical experience. However, when several factors related to the knowledge of risk and diagnostic factors were assessed individually, the results indicated high rates of incorrect responses.
Knowledge and Practice of Oral Cancer Screening in Teaching Faculty -Comparison of Specialty and Year of Clinical Experience⁽²⁹29 Kogi S, DaSilva J, Mikasa Y, et al. Knowledge and practice of oral cancer screening in teaching faculty-comparison of specialty and year of clinical experience. J Cancer Educ. 2019;34(3):455-62. doi: 10.1007/s13187-018-1323-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-018-1323-... ⁾	2019 Japan	Cross-sectional n=110	To evaluate knowledge, practice, trust and perceived barriers to oral cancer screening among dental professors at Iwate Medical University, School of Dental Medicine. The results were compared by experts, as well as years of clinical experience.	The level of teacher confidence, knowledge, exam skills was low, especially among younger teachers. More than 80% of the junior faculty indicated a lack of knowledge. It is urgently needed and currently licensed professionals must take mandatory continuing education courses in cancer.
Oral Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Primary Oral Health Care Dentists in Kuwait⁽³⁰30 Nazar H, Shyama M, Ariga J, El-Salhy M, Soparkar P, Alsumait A. Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes and practices among primary oral health care dentists in Kuwait. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(5):1531-6. doi: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1531 https://doi.org/10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5... ⁾	2019 Kuwait	Cross-sectional n=289	Assess the level of oral activity knowledge, opinions, attitudes and practices about cancer among dentists in Kuwait's oral health centers.	Most participants had good knowledge about various aspects of oral cancer. But continuing education programs on risk factors and diagnosis of oral cancer must be organized to train dentists.

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[1] Corresponding author: Vanessa de Carla Batista dos Santos. E-mail: nessadecarlla@yahoo.com.br