Risk stratification screening/identification |
- Use of electronic records systems from the emergency department to insert the individual care plan(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
-55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,88 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
-1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,32-33,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
,4242 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
) and information systems for screening frequent users(5,12,21,30,39); recruiting patients with complex care needs(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
). - Systematic review of medical records for systematic and early identification of high-risk patients eligible for case management(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
-55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,32-33,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
-4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
). - Assessment of patients one-to-one after telephone contact(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
). - Sending a letter to the primary care physician to invite patients to participate in the case management process, provided they are frequent users of emergency services(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
). - Interview for complete initial assessment of patients' clinical and psychosocial needs(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,11-12,2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
-3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
40 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
41 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
42 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
43 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
44 Bristow DP, Herrick CA. Emergency department case management: the dyad team of nurse case manager and social worker improve discharge planning and patient and staff satisfaction while decreasing inappropriate admissions and costs: a literature review. Lippincotts Case Manag. [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2018 May 2];7(6):243-51. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12048342 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1204...
45 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
-4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
). - Dialogue between the case manager and the emergency department physician to understand the case and discuss the expected treatment and appropriate admission level(4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
). - Identification of the motivation of individuals to seek assistance in emergency departments and the barriers they encounter for assistance in the community context; identification of which care path can be provided(55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
); and investigation of factors related to the overuse of health services(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
). - Identification of health care services that can be successfully and effectively provided(1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
); assessment of the levels of care and collection of information necessary to prepare the planning(4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
,4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
). |
Care management plan |
- Individualized care plan developed by the case manager together with the multidisciplinary team to coordinate the services for patients (44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
5 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
6 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
7 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
8 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
-99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,32-33,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
40 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
41 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
-4242 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
); understanding of patients' clinical needs; providing recommendations for the care plan; avoiding inappropriate hospitalizations and reducing the number of visits to emergency departments(2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
). - It should involve best practices related to planning the transition of patients with complex psychosocial needs by the social worker; simple transfer planning performed by emergency department case managers, and discharge planning after patient admission to the emergency department performed by a home case manager and social worker(3131 Walsh K, Z. Emergency Department Case Management: the compendium of best practices [Internet] 2nd ed. Danvers (MA): HCPro; 2014 [cited 2018 Aug 21]. Available from: https://hcmarketplace.com/aitdownloadablefiles/download/aitfile/aitfile_id/1616.pdf https://hcmarketplace.com/aitdownloadabl...
). - Directed to the clinical and social needs of patients and families(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,11-12,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,32-33,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
40 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
-4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
). - Focus on establishing therapeutic goals and objectives that promote self-management of health and counseling in search of solutions to psychosocial problems and definition of the best follow-up of care in other levels of health care(88 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
). - Engagement of the entire care team in creating a comprehensive care plan, with interventions and continuous reassessments of patients' problems(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
-55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
40 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
41 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
-4242 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
). |
Care management plan |
- Invitation and active involvement of patients in the review of their case (self-management); participation in creating their individualized care plan and in the search for solutions to their problems(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
); and dialogue with the team and family about the need for referrals, care plans and goals to be achieved(4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
). - Conducting complex transition planning to coordinate clinical care in emergency departments(99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
); discharge plan(4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
); creating a comprehensive after discharge care plan, including coordination of care in insurance, transportation, housing and meeting clinical, and psychosocial needs(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,6-7,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,29-30,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
,4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
). - Promotion of actions involving health education, empowerment in decision-making, and encouraging self-management of care and patient participation in developing their care plan(2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
). - The care plan should be updated, revised, and shared considering the needs of patients and future risk of hospital admission, according to stratification(1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
). - High risk (care plan reviewed every three months, intensive case management and advocacy); - Medium risk (care plan revised in 6 months and telephone contact to monitor and implement the care plan and address emerging problems); - Low risk (care plan revised in 12 months). |
Post-transition support and communication |
- Patient education and guidance on the proper use of the health system and clinical and social services available in the community(66 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,32-33,39-41,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
); helping patients find solutions to their problems(55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
); - Patient guidance regarding self-management of care, offering care options, and helping you to make appropriate choices(3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
); patient counseling on risky behaviors (e.g., substance abuse) and clinical service use(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
). - Communication with the entire team and with different providers and levels of care(3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
); liaison with other community agencies(7,22,40); communication with other levels of care(33,39,41); informing the primary health care physician about scheduled appointments and the need for follow-up(32). |
Care coordination |
The multidisciplinary work includes physicians, nurses, social workers(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
-55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
8 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
-99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
41 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
42 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
43 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
-4444 Bristow DP, Herrick CA. Emergency department case management: the dyad team of nurse case manager and social worker improve discharge planning and patient and staff satisfaction while decreasing inappropriate admissions and costs: a literature review. Lippincotts Case Manag. [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2018 May 2];7(6):243-51. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12048342 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1204...
), primary care professionals, nutritionist, occupational therapist, physiotherapist, among others(88 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
); Collaborative work with the multidisciplinary team to support case management(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
) and develop recommendations regarding the use of this service and treatments that should be provided in this context(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
); - Multidisciplinary case conference to discuss cases(55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
-66 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
,99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
-4242 Pillow MT, Doctor S, Brown S, Carter K, Mulliken R. An emergency department-initiated, web-based, multidisciplinary approach to decreasing emergency department visits by the top frequent visitors using patient care plans. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(4):853-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
); |
Follow-up, assessment, and periodic reassessment of patients' needs and progress |
- Proactive and close contact between patients and care providers through phone calls or visits (3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
); telephone access to a case manager to answer questions(3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
); - Telephone follow-up scheduled based on the risks of hospital admission(1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
); and home visits or telephone contact to verify care plan adherence and adjustment(66 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
,4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
) and reassess it if patients return for care, to check if they are receiving coordinated services appropriate measures to decrease the use of emergency services(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
); - Providing an email or phone for patients to contact if there are problems at discharge. It must be ensured that calls will be returned by the case manager on the same day(2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
); - Regular meetings with a case manager and visits by a case manager to assess patients' responses to the individualized care plan and, if necessary, review it(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
,4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
); - Home care(88 Phillips GA, Brophy DS, Weiland TJ, Chenhall AJ, Dent AW. The effect of multidisciplinary case management on selected outcomes for frequent attenders at an emergency department. Med J Aust. 2006;184(12):602-6. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00412.x https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
); continuous monitoring electronically monitored by nurses with follow-up actions and feedback on the patient's progress(55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
,3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,3939 Reinius P, Johansson M, Fjellner A, Werr J, Öhlén G, Edgren G. A telephone-based case-management intervention reduces healthcare utilization for frequent emergency department visitors. Eur J Emerg Med. 2013;20(5):327-34. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358bf5a https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328358...
); definition of patterns of demand for health care and quality of life; and verification of the need for new admission of patients(4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
); - Implementation of assertive community treatment that involves a proactive and confident approach, emphasizing health promotion and prevention and acute treatment. It consists of home visits to discuss the case, follow-up consultations, screening and identifying patients, especially frequent users of emergency services with impaired mental health(77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
); - Patient referral to another care setting, in order to ensure continuity of care in the short and long term(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
44 Bristow DP, Herrick CA. Emergency department case management: the dyad team of nurse case manager and social worker improve discharge planning and patient and staff satisfaction while decreasing inappropriate admissions and costs: a literature review. Lippincotts Case Manag. [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2018 May 2];7(6):243-51. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12048342 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1204...
-4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
); reference for primary health care, community services(44 Grover CA, Close RJ, Villarreal K, Goldman LM. Emergency department frequent user: pilot study of intensive case management to reduce visits and computed tomography. West J Emerg Med[Internet]. 2010 [cited 2017 Sep 18];11(4):336-43. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079705 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2107...
,66 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
-3030 McCarty RL, Zarn J, Fenn R, Collins RD. Frequent ED utilizers: A case management program to address patient needs. Nurs Manage. 2015;46(9):24-31. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000470771.17731.3d https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NUMA.00004707...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
,4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
-4444 Bristow DP, Herrick CA. Emergency department case management: the dyad team of nurse case manager and social worker improve discharge planning and patient and staff satisfaction while decreasing inappropriate admissions and costs: a literature review. Lippincotts Case Manag. [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2018 May 2];7(6):243-51. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12048342 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1204...
,4646 Walsh KM. ED case managers: one large teaching hospital's experience. J Emerg Nurs [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2018 Sep 5];25(1):17-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925673 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925...
) and services to deal with substance abuse(1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
,2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
); referral for social counseling service, crisis intervention, assertive program in the community, support therapy and assistance to obtain housing and connection with care provider(55 Grover CA, Crawford E, Close RJ. The efficacy of case management on emergency department frequent users: an eight-year observational study. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(5):595-604. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.06.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016....
6 Kumar GS, Klein R. Effectiveness of case management strategies in reducing emergency department visits in frequent user patient populations: a systematic review. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(3):717-29. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.08.035 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2012....
-77 Okin RL, Boccellari A, Azocar F, Shumway M, O'brien K, Gelb A, et al. The effects of clinical case management on hospital service use among ED frequent users. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18(5):603-8. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2000.9292 https://doi.org/10.1053/ajem.2000.9292...
,99 Pope D, Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Etherington J. Frequent users of the emergency department: a program to improve care and reduce visits. Cmaj [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2018 Sep 12];162(7):1017-20. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10763402 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1076...
,1111 Shumway M, Boccellari A, O'brien K, Okin RL. Cost-effectiveness of clinical case management for ED frequent users: results of a randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2008;26(2):155-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.04.0...
-1212 Skinner J, Carter L, Haxton C. Case management of patients who frequently present to a Scottish emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2009;26(2):103-5. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.063081 https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2008.063081...
,2020 Althaus F, Paroz S, Hugli O, Ghali WA, Daeppen J-B, Peytremann-Bridevaux I, et al. Effectiveness of interventions targeting frequent users of emergency departments: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1):41-52. e42. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.03.007 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.20...
,2323 Hudon C, Chouinard M-C, Lambert M, Diadiou F, Bouliane D, Beaudin J. Key factors of case management interventions for frequent users of healthcare services: a thematic analysis review. BMJ Open. 2017;7(10):e017762. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017762 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017...
,2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
,3232 Bodenmann P, Velonaki V-S, Griffin JL, Baggio S, Iglesias K, Moschetti K, et al. Case management may reduce emergency department frequent use in a universal health coverage system: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018 Nov 12];32(5):508-15. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400922 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740...
-3333 Edgren G, Anderson J, Dolk A, Torgerson J, Nyberg S, Skau T, et al. A case management intervention targeted to reduce healthcare consumption for frequent Emergency Department visitors: results from an adaptive randomized trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2016;23(5):344-50. doi: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000280 https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.000000000000...
,4040 Lee K-H, Davenport L. Can case management interventions reduce the number of emergency department visits by frequent users? Health Care Manag (Frederick) [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2018 Sep 20];25(2):155-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699330 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1669...
-4141 Rinke ML, Dietrich E, Kodeck T, Westcoat K. Operation care: a pilot case management intervention for frequent emergency medical system users. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30(2):352-7 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.012 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2010.12.0...
,4343 Brewer BB, Jackson L. A case management model for the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1997;23(6):618-21. doi: 10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90280-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0099-1767(97)90...
); - Creation of a case management website that includes community agencies, private agencies, and rehabilitation hospitals(4545 Walsh KT, Moran P, Greenwood C. A successful emergency department case management practice model. Case Manager [Internet]. 2003[cited 2018 Sep 5];14(6):54-7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14618150 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1461...
); information sharing: electronic registration system between care providers; access to the individualized care plan through the system by the entire team involved in the case management process(2929 Soril LJ, Leggett LE, Lorenzetti DL, Noseworthy TW, Clement FM. Reducing frequent visits to the emergency department: a systematic review of interventions. PloS One. 2015;10(4):e0123660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123660 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.012...
). |