Riesgo de patrón de presión arterial desequilibrado en mujeres encarceladas: Teoría de Alcance Mediano

Silva, Gabrielle Pessôa da; Lopes, Camila Takáo; Lopes, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira; Mendes, Ryanne Carolynne Marques Gomes; Perrelli, Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque; Pascoal, Lívia Maia; Mangueira, Suzana de Oliveira; Linhares, Francisca Márcia Pereira

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

REVIEW • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 77 (Suppl 3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0288 copiar

Riesgo de patrón de presión arterial desequilibrado en mujeres encarceladas: Teoría de Alcance Mediano

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos:

desarrollar una Teoría de Alcance Mediano para Riesgo de patrón de presión arterial desequilibrada, en mujeres encarceladas.

Métodos:

desarrollo teórico para la validez teórica-causal del Diagnóstico de Enfermería Riesgo de Presión Arterial Inestable. Fue construida una Teoría de Alcance Mediano en seis etapas: definición del abordaje para construcción de la teoría; definición de modelos conceptuales que serán analizados; definición de conceptos principales; desarrollo del diagrama pictórico; construcción de proposiciones; establecimiento de relaciones causales; y, evidencias para la práctica.

Resultados:

fueron identificados dos atributos y 20 antecedentes relacionados al patrón de presión arterial desequilibrado; se construyó diagrama pictórico; se presentaron nueve proposiciones teóricas.

Conclusiones:

la teoría desarrollada favorece el raciocinio diagnóstico de enfermeros y contribuye para planificar acciones promotoras de salud cardiovascular en mujeres encarceladas. Fue posible estructurar nueva propuesta para el diagnóstico Riesgo de Presión Arterial Inestable, con nuevo título, nueva definición y nuevos factores etiológicos.

Descriptores:
Diagnóstico de Enfermería; Teoría de Enfermería; Presión Arterial; Mujeres; Prisiones

Authors, year, country of origin	Study design and evidence level	No. of attributes extracted	No. of CA extracted
Bondolfi et al., 2020(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ) United Kingdom	Systematic review Level 1	1	7
Nolan e Stewart, 2017(¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... ) Canada	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	8
Agyapong et al., 2017(¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... ) United Kingdom	Systematic review Level 1	1	9
Arries and Maposa, 2013(¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ) USA	Integrative Review Level 5	2	11
Bautista-Arredondo et al., 2015(¹⁷17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... ) Mexico	Cross-sectional study Level 4	2	8
Galvão et al., 2019(¹⁸18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... ) Brazil	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	7
Hachbardt et al., 2020(¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ) Brazil	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	12
Khavjou et al., 2017(²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ) USA	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	9
Lagarrigue et al., 2017(²¹21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... ) France	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	6
Plugge et al., 2009(²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... ) England	Descriptive prospective study Level 4	1	8
Silva et al., 2021(²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... ) Brazil	Methodological study Level 5	1	11
Vera-Remartínez et al., 2018(²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ) Spain	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	11
Wildeman et al., 2013(²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... ) USA	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	8
Udo, 2019(²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... ) USA	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	9
Nara and Igarashi, 1998(²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... ) Japan	Cross-sectional study Level 4	1	5
Gebremariam et al., 2018(²⁸28 Gebremariam MK, Nianogo RA, Arah AO. Weight gain during incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19(1):98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622... ) United Kingdom	Systematic review Level 1	--	3
Herbert et al., 2012(²⁹29 Herbert K, Plugge E, Foster C, Doll, H. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1975-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60319-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60... ) United Kingdom	Systematic review Level 1	--	3
Nucci et al., 2019(³⁰30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... ) Italy	Methodological study Level 5	--	4
Mohan et al., 2018(³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ) Holland	Systematic Review Level 1	--	4
Wangmo et al., 2018(³²32 Wangmo T, Handtke V, Bretschneider W, Elger BS. Improving the health of older prisoners: nutrition and exercise in correctional institutions. J Correct Health Care. 2018;24(4):352-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345818793121 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345818793121... ) Switzerland	Qualitative study Level 5	--	2
Ritter et al., 2011(³³33 Ritter C, Stöver H, Levy M, Etter J-F, Elger, B. Smoking in prisons: the need for effective and acceptable interventions. J Public Health Policy. 2011;32(1):32-45. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.47 https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.47... ) USA	Systematic review Level 1	--	1
Valera et al., 2016(³⁴34 Valera P, Bachman L, Rucker AJ. A Qualitative study of smoking behaviors among newly released justice-involved men and women in New York City. Health Soc Work. 2016;41(2):121-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlw014 https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlw014... ) USA	Qualitative study Level 5	--	1
Gilles et al., 2008(³⁵35 Gilles M, Swingler E, Craven C, Larson A. Prison health and public health responses at a regional prison in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):549-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00308.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008... ) Australia	Cross-sectional study Level 4	--	3
Johnson et al., 2019(³⁶36 Johnson C, Chaput JP, Diasparra M, Richard C, Dubois L. How did the tobacco ban increase inmates’ body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries? a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024552-e024552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024552 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024... ) Canada	Cohort Level 3	--	5
Fazel and Baillargeon, 2011(³⁷37 Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):956-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61... ) United Kingdom	Integrative Review Level 5	--	3

Stimuli characterization	Stimuli definition	Clinical antecedents
Focal Stimuli	Focal stimuli directly affect incarcerated women and are mainly responsible for increasing their vulnerability to developing an imbalanced blood pressure pattern(⁸8 Roy C. The Roy adaptation model. London: Pearson Education; 2009.).	Sedentary lifestyle(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... 16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... 17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... 18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... 20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... 21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... 22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... 23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... -²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ,²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... 28 Gebremariam MK, Nianogo RA, Arah AO. Weight gain during incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19(1):98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622... 29 Herbert K, Plugge E, Foster C, Doll, H. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1975-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60319-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60... 30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... -³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ) Hyper caloric diet(¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... -¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ,¹⁸18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... -²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ,²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... 23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... -²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ,²⁸28 Gebremariam MK, Nianogo RA, Arah AO. Weight gain during incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19(1):98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622... 29 Herbert K, Plugge E, Foster C, Doll, H. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1975-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60319-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60... 30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... -³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ) High sodium diet(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... ,¹⁸18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... -²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ,²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... 23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... -²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ,²⁸28 Gebremariam MK, Nianogo RA, Arah AO. Weight gain during incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19(1):98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622... 29 Herbert K, Plugge E, Foster C, Doll, H. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1975-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60319-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60... 30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... 31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... -³²32 Wangmo T, Handtke V, Bretschneider W, Elger BS. Improving the health of older prisoners: nutrition and exercise in correctional institutions. J Correct Health Care. 2018;24(4):352-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345818793121 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345818793121... ) Smoking(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... 15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... 16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... 17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... 18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... 20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... 21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... 22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... 23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... 24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... 25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... 26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... -²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... ,³⁰30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... -³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ,³³33 Ritter C, Stöver H, Levy M, Etter J-F, Elger, B. Smoking in prisons: the need for effective and acceptable interventions. J Public Health Policy. 2011;32(1):32-45. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.47 https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2010.47... 34 Valera P, Bachman L, Rucker AJ. A Qualitative study of smoking behaviors among newly released justice-involved men and women in New York City. Health Soc Work. 2016;41(2):121-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlw014 https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlw014... 35 Gilles M, Swingler E, Craven C, Larson A. Prison health and public health responses at a regional prison in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):549-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00308.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008... -³⁶36 Johnson C, Chaput JP, Diasparra M, Richard C, Dubois L. How did the tobacco ban increase inmates’ body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries? a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024552-e024552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024552 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024... ) Harmful use of illicit substances(¹³13 Marin HF. Terminologia de referência em enfermagem: a Norma ISO 18104. Acta Paul Enferm. 2009;22(4):445-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002009000400016 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-2100200900... ,¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... ,¹⁷17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... ,²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... ,²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... ,³⁵35 Gilles M, Swingler E, Craven C, Larson A. Prison health and public health responses at a regional prison in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):549-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00308.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008... 36 Johnson C, Chaput JP, Diasparra M, Richard C, Dubois L. How did the tobacco ban increase inmates’ body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries? a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024552-e024552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024552 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024... -³⁷37 Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):956-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61... ) Harmful consumption of alcohol(¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... -¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... ,¹⁸18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... -¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ,²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... -²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... ,²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... 26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... -²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... ,³⁵35 Gilles M, Swingler E, Craven C, Larson A. Prison health and public health responses at a regional prison in Western Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):549-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00308.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008... 36 Johnson C, Chaput JP, Diasparra M, Richard C, Dubois L. How did the tobacco ban increase inmates’ body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries? a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024552-e024552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024552 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024... -³⁷37 Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):956-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61... ) Anxiety(²¹21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... ,²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... ,²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... ) Stress(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... -¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ,¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ,²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... ,²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... ) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ) Metabolic syndrome(¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ,²¹21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... ,²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ⁴4 Grammatikopoulou MG, Lampropoulou, MA, Milapidou M, Goulis DG. At the heart of the matter: cardiovascular health challenges among incarcerated women. Maturitas. 2021;149:16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.05.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2021... )
Contextual stimuli	Contextual stimuli indirectly influence incarcerated women to develop an imbalanced blood pressure pattern(⁸8 Roy C. The Roy adaptation model. London: Pearson Education; 2009.).	Insomnia(¹⁵15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... ,¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ) Excess body weight(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... 15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... 16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... 17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... 18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... 20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... 21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... 22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... 23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... 24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... 25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... 26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... 27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... 28 Gebremariam MK, Nianogo RA, Arah AO. Weight gain during incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2018;19(1):98-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622 https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12622... 29 Herbert K, Plugge E, Foster C, Doll, H. Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in prison populations worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet. 2012;379(9830):1975-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60319-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60... -³⁰30 Nucci D, Licitra L, Sciara S, Moretti M, Gianfredi V. PRuNUS: design and validation of a questionnaire among prisoners: data of pilot study in the Penitentiary Institute of Perugia, Italy. Int J Prison Health. 2019;16(2):165-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-0001 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPH-01-2019-000... ) Dyslipidemia(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... 15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... 16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... -¹⁷17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... ,²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... -²¹21 Lagarrigue A, Ajana S, Capuron L, Féart C, Moisan M-P. Obesity in French Inmates: gender differences and relationship with mood, eating behavior and physical activity. Plos One. 2017;12(1):e0170413-e0170413. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170413 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.017... ,²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... -²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ,²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... -²⁷27 Nara K, Igarashi M. Relationship of prison lifestyle to blood pressure, serum lipids and obesity in women prisoners in Japan. Ind Health. 1998;36(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1 https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.36.1... ) Cardiovascular disease(¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... ,¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ,¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... -²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ,²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... -²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... ) Diabetes(¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ,²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ⁶6 Herdman TH, Kamitsuru S, Lopes CT. Nursing diagnoses definitions and classification 2021-2023. Germany: Thieme Medical Publishers; 2021.)
Residual stimuli	Residual stimuli less intensely promote imbalanced blood pressure patterns in incarcerated women. It is not completely clear what role these stimuli play in the occurrence of an imbalanced blood pressure pattern(⁸8 Roy C. The Roy adaptation model. London: Pearson Education; 2009.).	Insufficient knowledge/understanding of risk factors(¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... ,²³23 Silva GP, Lopes MVDO, Perrelli JGA, Guedes TG, Lopes CT, Mangueira SDO, Linhares FMP. Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail. Int j nurs knowl. 2021;32(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310 https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-3095.12310... ) Individuals with a family history of hypertension(¹⁹19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... ) Individuals in social vulnerability(²2 Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Carole C. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open. 2020;10(10):e039278-e039278. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039... ,¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... 17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... 18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... -²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ,²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... ,²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... 25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... -²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... ,³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ,³⁶36 Johnson C, Chaput JP, Diasparra M, Richard C, Dubois L. How did the tobacco ban increase inmates’ body weight during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries? a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e024552-e024552. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024552 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024... ) Women(¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... ,¹⁶16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... -¹⁷17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... ,²⁴24 Vera-Remartínez EJ, Monge RL, Chinesta SG, Rodríguez DS-A, Ramos MVP. Cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in a penitentiary center. Rev Esp Salud Pública[Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 14];92:e201807037-e201807037. Available from: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL92/ORIGINALES/RS92C_201807037.pdf https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/... ,²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... ,³¹31 Mohan ARM, Thomson P, Leslie SJ, Dimova E, Haw S, Mckay JA. A systematic review of interventions to improve health factors or behaviors of the cardiovascular health of prisoners during incarceration. J Cardiovas Nurs. 2018;33(1):72-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000420 https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.000000000000... ,³⁷37 Fazel S, Baillargeon J. The health of prisoners. Lancet. 2011;377(9769):956-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61053-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61... ) Individuals over 30 years of age(¹⁴14 Nolan AM, Stewart LA. Chronic health conditions among incoming Canadian Federally Sentenced Women. J Correct Health Care. 2017;23(1):93-103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707 https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345816685707... 15 Agyapong NAF, Annan RA, Apprey C. Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among prisoners: a systematic review. Nutr Food Sci. 2017;47(6):896-906. https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114 https://doi.org/10.1108/NFS-06-2017-0114... 16 Arries EJ, Maposa S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Prisoners: an integrative review. J Forensic Nurs. 2013;9(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a59ef https://doi.org/10.1097/JFN.0b013e31827a... 17 Bautista-Arredondo S, González A, Servan-Mori E, Beynon F, Juarez-figueroa L, Conde-Glez CJ, et al. A cross-sectional study of prisoners in Mexico City comparing prevalence of transmissible infections and chronic diseases with that in the general population. Plos One. 2015;10(7):e0131718-e0131718. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131718 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.013... 18 Galvão MHR, Sena EA, Costa DO, Pereira IL, Forte FDS, Freitas CHSM. Risk for cardiovascular diseases in women prisoners. Rev Bras Promoç Saúde. 2019;32:e8994-e8994. https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.8994 https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.89... 19 Hachbardt NB, Hattori TY, Nascimento VF, Silva JH, Terças-Trettel ACP, Oliveira VKV, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women deprived of freedom from a Public Prison in Mato Grosso, Brazil. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(2):139-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00365... -²⁰20 Khavjou OA, Clarke J, Hofeldt RM, Lihs P, Loo RK, Prabhu M, et al. A captive audience: bringing the WISEWOMAN program to South Dakota prisoners. Womens Health Issues. 2007;17(4):193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2007.02.00... ,²²22 Plugge EH, Foster CE, Yudkin PL, Douglas N. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and women prisoners in the UK: the impact of imprisonment. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034 https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap034... ,²⁵25 Wildeman C, Lee H, Comfort M. A New Vulnerable Population? the health of female partners of men recently released from prison. Womens Health Issues. 2013;23(6):e335-e340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.006 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2013.07.00... -²⁶26 Udo T. Chronic medical conditions in U.S. adults with incarceration history. Health Psychol. 2019;38(3):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720 https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000720... )

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[1] Corresponding author: Gabrielle Pessôa da Silva, E-mail: pessoa.gabrielle@hotmail.com