A INFLUÊNCIA DA HERANÇA E DE SUA TRIBUTAÇÃO NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS E RIQUEZA NO BRASIL E NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Freitas, Antonio Albano de

Antonio Albano de Freitas

Postdoctoral Research Scholar at the New School for Social Research. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-8626

Correspondência para: Antonio Albano de Freitas Contato: antonio.albanodefreitas@gmail.com

Figuras (6)
Tabelas (13)

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Figure 1
Relative poverty rates (60% of median income) and top 1% income share

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Figure 2
Index number of the monthly accumulated CDI and the GDP accumulated in 12 months, January 1999 to March 2016

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Figure 3
Rough estimates for Rio Grande do Sul inheritance and donation fiscal flow, 2013-2015

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Figure 4
Wealth transfers at current and constant prices, and the ratio of wealth transfers to taxable income and the disposable gross income of households, Brazil, 2007-2014

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Figure 5
Annual estimate for the fiscal flow of Inheritance and Donations in Brazil, in % of Gross Disposable Income of Households, 1997-2015

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Figure 6
Ratio of ITCD to tax revenue, Brazil and selected states, 1997-2015 (in %)

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Table 1
Gini index before and after taxes and transferences, late 2000s

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Table 2
Taxation on goods and services, wealth and income, profits and capital gains, 2014

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Table 3
Summary of the net wealth returns, by total income bracket, 2014, Brazil

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Table 4
Amount of inheritance values, and inheritance tax collection in Rio Grande do Sul, 2015

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Table 5
Amount of donation values, and donation tax collection in Rio Grande do Sul, 2015

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Table 6
Percentage of each Rio Grande do Sul generation who received in inheritance and donation at least the equivalent of the lifetime labor income received by the bottom 50% less well-paid workers

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Table 7
Regional percentage of ITCD collection and that of net wealth, 2014

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Table 8
Annual estimates for the inheritance and donation stock and flow of Brazil, alternative measurement, 2013-2015

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Table 9
Actual Inheritance money collection, and inheritance collection through a simulated new rates structure, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015

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Table 10
Actual donations money collection, and donations collection through a simulated new rates structure, Rio Grande do Sul, 2015

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Table 11
Simulation summary, Rio Grande do Sul, 2013-2015 (in current BR$)

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Table 12
Actual money collection of ITCD in Brazil, and hypothetical collections by using Simulation I and with an identical average effective tax rate to that in the U.S., 2015 (in current BR$)

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Table 13
Reduction in the total income Gini Index after applying the national ITCD collection into the lower bands, 2014

Country	Gini Index before Taxes and transfers	Gini Index after Taxes and transfers	Percentage Variation
Australia	46.9	33.4	-28.8
Austria	47.9	26.7	-44.3
Belgium	47.8	26.2	-45.2
Canada	44.7	32	-28.4
Czech Republic	44.9	25.6	-43
Denmark	42.9	25.2	-41.3
Estonia	48.7	31.9	-34.5
Finland	47.9	26	-45.7
France	50.5	30.3	-40
Germany	49.2	28.6	-41.9
Greece	52.2	33.7	-35.4
Island	39.3	24.4	-37.9
Ireland	59.1	33.1	-44
Israel	50.1	37.6	-25
Italy	50.3	31.9	-36.6
Japan	48.8	33.6	-31.1
South Korea	34.1	31	-9.1
Luxembourg	46.4	27	-41.8
Netherlands	42.4	28.8	-32.1
New Zealand	45.4	31.7	-30.2
Norway	42.3	24.9	-41.1
Poland	46.8	30.5	-34.8
Portugal	52.2	34.4	-34.1
Slovakia	43.7	26.1	-40.3
Slovenia	45.3	24.6	-45.7
Spain	50.7	33.8	-33.3
Sweden	44.1	26.9	-39
Switzerland	37.2	29.8	-19.9
United Kingdom	52.3	34.1	-34.8
United States	49.9	38	-23.8
OECD average	46.8	30.1	-35.4
Argentina	50.6	44.7	-11.7
Bolivia	50.3	49.3	-1.9
Brazil	60	54.1	-9.8
Mexico	50.9	48.8	-4.1
Peru	50.3	49.3	-1.9
Uruguay	52.7	45.4	-13.8
Latin America average	52.8	49.4	-6.3

Region	Tax burden (% of GDP)	Taxation on goods and services (% of total revenues)	Wealth taxation (% of tax revenue)	Taxation on income, profits, and capital gains (% of total taxation)
Latin America	21.7	49.5	3.3	27.9
Brazil	33.4	52.02	4.17	20.7
OECD	34.2	32.6	5.6	33.7

Total income bracket	Number of returns	Net wealth (BR$) *	% of Net wealth	% of returns	% of Cumulative net wealth	% of Cumulative returns
Up to ½ minimum wage	1,173,389	121,231,217,834.76	2.06%	4.25%	2.06%	4.25%
1/2 to 1 minimum wage	501,551	25,832,184,853.83	0.44%	1.82%	2.49%	6.07%
1 to 2 minimum wages	1,067,416	63,870,632,822.78	1.08%	3.87%	3.58%	9.94%
2 to 3 minimum wages	2,744,805	166,675,991,260.74	2.83%	9.95%	6.40%	19.89%
3 to 5 minimum wages	8,192,562	490,448,353,808.02	8.32%	29.70%	14.72%	49.60%
5 to 10 minimum wages	7,800,283	737,840,993,956.18	12.51%	28.28%	27.23%	77.88%
10 to 20 minimum wages	3,750,984	855,289,468,555.76	14.50%	13.60%	41.73%	91.48%
20 to 40 minimum wages	1,589,308	882,164,630,117.95	14.96%	5.76%	56.69%	97.24%
40 to 80 minimum wages	544,079	704,016,699,937.17	11.94%	1.97%	68.62%	99.21%
80 to 160 minimum wages	142,095	443,133,168,302.90	7.51%	0.52%	76.14%	99.73%
> 160 minimum wages	74,611	1,407,478,507,018.29	23.86%	0.27%	100.00%	100.00%
> 160 to 240 minimum wages	32,626	205,141,006,314.72	3.48%	0.12%	79.61%	99.85%
> 240 to 320 minimum wages	13,552	142,447,180,670.16	2.42%	0.05%	82.03%	99.90%
> 320 minimum wages	28,433	1,059,890,320,033.41	17.97%	0.10%	100.00%	100.00%
Total	27,581,083	5,897,981,848,468.38

Inheritance value by value brackets (current BR$)	Inheritances (in current BR$)			ITCD collected (in current BR$)
Inheritance value by value brackets (current BR$)	Number of returns	% of returns	Amount of inheritances (BR$)	% of amount	ITCD collected (BR$)	% of total ITCD collected
Below BR$ 35,000	4,319	16.5%	69,623,196.13	0.5%	234,616.34	0.1%
BR$ 35,000 < BR$ 100,000	5,712	21.8%	370,591,730.46	2.6%	1,110,088.63	0.4%
BR$100,000 < BR$ 200,000	5,492	20.9%	782,955,569.87	5.5%	3,026,042.65	1.0%
BR$ 200,000 < BR$ 500,000	6,01	22.9%	1,845,960,753.41	13.0%	11,813,768.13	4.1%
BR$ 500,000 < BR$ 1,000,000	2,471	9.4%	1,676,904,918.42	11.8%	24,478,047.96	8.4%
Above BR$ 1,000,000	2,212	8.4%	9,484,077,735.64	66.6%	250,280,831.13	86.0%
Total	26,216	100.0%	14,230,113,903.92	100.0%	290,943,394.84	100.00%

Donations value by value brackets (current BR$)	Donations (in current BR$)			ITCD collected (in current BR$)
Donations value by value brackets (current BR$)	Number of returns	% of returns	Amount of donations (BR$)	% of amount	ITCD collected (BR$)	% of total ITCD collected
Below BR$ 35,000	13,582	26.30%	126,425,796.44	1.10%	3,089,249.40	1.24%
BR$ 35,000 < BR$ 100,000	11,709	22.70%	592,655,341.04	5.20%	14,038,271.09	5.63%
BR$100,000 < BR$ 200,000	9,174	17.80%	913,695,948.20	8.00%	21,347,337.76	8.56%
BR$ 200,000 < BR$ 500,000	9,262	17.90%	1,669,808,345.73	14.60%	36,933,965.08	14.82%
BR$ 500,000 < BR$ 1,000,000	3,882	7.50%	1,217,816,654.16	10.60%	25,427,958.75	10.20%
Above BR$ 1,000,000	4,038	7.80%	6,955,835,400.28	60.60%	148,444,470.37	59.55%
Total	51,647	100.00%	11,476,237,485.84	100.00%	249,281,252.45	100.00%

Year	2013	2014	2015
Percentage of each Rio Grande do Sul generation who received in Inheritance at least the equivalent of the lifetime labor income received by the bottom 50 percent less well paid workers	8.25	10.25	13.1
Percentage of each Rio Grande do Sul generation who received in Donation at least the equivalent of the lifetime labor income received by the bottom 50 percent less well paid workers	3.65	8.35	11.55

Federative unit	ITCD collection (in current BR$)	% of the Brazilian ITCD collection	Net wealth(in current BR$)	% of the Brazilian net wealth
Acre	4,059,000	0.1%	5,017,621,986.36	0.1%
Alagoas	6,236,000	0.1%	23,003,596,425.69	0.4%
Amapá	571,000	0.0%	2,603,086,521.37	0.0%
Amazonas	9,057,000	0.2%	31,407,630,404.43	0.5%
Bahia	79,104,000	1.7%	130,211,114,267.09	2.2%
Ceará	62,771,000	1.3%	8,153,648,820,617.00	1.4%
Distrito Federal	86,593,000	1.8%	168,267,477,294.46	2.9%
Espírito Santo	52,222,000	1.1%	86,870,778,441.07	1.5%
Goiás	181,374,000	3.9%	170,537,557,551.09	2.9%
Maranhão	8,402,000	0.2%	24,351,519,302.12	0.4%
Mato Grosso	50,001,000	1.1%	69,474,761,345.70	1.2%
Mato Grosso do Sul	95,480,000	2.0%	58,225,141,756.48	1.0%
Minas Gerais	640,892,000	13.6%	488,186,973,522.29	8.3%
Pará	18,290,000	0.4%	48,989,147,374.32	0.8%
Paraíba	21,127,000	0.4%	31,016,035,370.71	0.5%
Paraná	331,576,000	7.1%	415,464,770,635.49	7.0%
Pernambuco	76,500,000	1.6%	98,577,635,289.85	1.7%
Piauí	18,003,000	0.4%	18,269,249,840.70	0.3%
Rio de Janeiro	670,615,000	14.3%	724,705,071,306.22	12.3%
Rio Grande do Norte	27,466,000	0.6%	50,716,424,029.77	0.9%
Rio Grande do Sul	333,636,000	7.1%	420,503,264,547.30	7.1%
Rondônia	6,667,000	0.1%	21,120,093,224.59	0.4%
Roraima	1,293,000	0.0%	3,349,137,119.28	0.1%
Santa Catarina	177,815,000	3.8%	216,039,055,392.13	3.7%
São Paulo	1,714,417,000	36.5%	2,454,365,211,395.93	41.6%
Sergipe	11,261,000	0.2%	25,548,637,315.16	0.4%
Tocantins	16,946,000	0.4%	15,914,646,551.45	0.3%
Not Available	-	-	13,709,722,051.16	0.2%
BRAZIL	4,702,374,000	100.0%	5,897,981,848,468.38	100.0%

Variable/Year	2013	2014	2015
Alternative annual inheritance stock of Brazil (current BR$)	226,650,062,580.77	225,619,872,169.83	362,061,287,179.79
Alternative annual inheritance fiscal flow of Brazil (in % of gross disposable income of households)	6.38%	5.79%	9.19%

Inheritance values by value brackets (in current BR$)	Actual ITCD collection (in current BR$)	% of Total actual ITCD collected	Actual effective average rate	Simulated effective average rate	ITCD collection with the simulated rates (current BR$)	% of Total ITCD collected with the simulated rates
Below BR$ 35,000	234,616.34	0.1%	0.3%	0%	0	0.0%
BR$ 35,000 < BR$ 100,000	1,110,088.63	0.4%	0.3%	0%	0	0.0%
BR$100,000 < BR$ 200,000	3,026,042.65	1.0%	0.4%	0%	0	0.0%
BR$ 200,000 < BR$ 500,000	11,813,768.13	4.1%	0.6%	0%	0	0.0%
BR$ 500,000 < BR$ 1,000,000	24,478,047.96	8.4%	1.5%	7%	117,383,344.29	13.4%
Above BR$ 1,000,000	250,280,831.13	86.0%	2.6%	8%	758,726,218.85	86.6%
Total	290,943,394.84	100.0%	2.0%	7.8%	876,109,563.14	100.0%

Donations values by value brackets (in current BR$)	Actual ITCD collection (in current BR$)	% of Total actual ITCD collected	Actual effective average rate	Simulated effective average rate	ITCD collection with the simulated rates (current BR$)	% of Total ITCD collected with the simulated rates
Below BR$ 35,000	3,089,249.40	1.24%	2.4%	0%	0	0%
BR$ 35,000 < BR$ 100,000	14,038,271.09	5.63%	2.4%	0%	0	0%
BR$100,000 < BR$ 200,000	21,347,337.76	8.56%	2.3%	0%	0	0%
BR$ 200,000 < BR$ 500,000	36,933,965.08	14.82%	2.2%	0%	0	0%
BR$ 500,000 < BR$ 1,000,000	25,427,958.75	10.20%	2.1%	7%	85,247,165.79	13.3%
Above BR$ 1,000,000	148,444,470.37	59.55%	2.1%	8%	556,466,832.02	86.7%
Total	249,281,252.45	100.00%	2.2%	7.9%	641,713,997.81	100%

Year	Total ITCD collection with actual structure	Total ITCD collection with the simulated new rates structure	Difference (additional potential ITCD collection)
2013	304,852,973.10	798,814,557.28	493,961,584.18
2013	365,435,000.00 *		433,379,557.28
2014	294,366,223.79	783,174,087.30	488,807,863.51
2014	333,636,000.00 *		449,538,087.30
2015	540,224,647.29	1,517,823,560.95	977,598,913.66
2015	636,090,000.00 *		881,733,560.95

Variable used to simulate the collection / actual and simulated collection	Total actual collection of ITCD in Brazil	Hypothetical total collection of ITCD in Brazil by using Simulation I	Hypothetical total collection of ITCD in Brazil through a similar U.S. average effective tax rate
Total actual collection of ITCD in Brazil	6,482,254,000.00
Inheritance and donation stock of Brazil estimated using as a parameter the inheritance and donation stock of Rio Grande do Sul		22,291,132,613.74	35,119,944,856.44
Inheritance and donation stock of Brazil estimated implicitly by estimating an average rate to a hypothetical national ITCD collection		11,022,961,047.17	17,366,806,381.69

Simulation I		Simulation with effective average rate equal to that in the U.S.
Stock estimated by method A (in current BR$ billion)	Stock estimated by method B (in current BR$ billion)	Stock estimated by method A (in current BR$ billion)	Stock estimated by method B (in current BR$ billion)
225.62	129.88	225.62	129.88
Simulated collection of ITCD in Brazil in the year 2014 (in current BR$ billion)
11.82	6.81	21.88	12.6
Gini Index of total income after application of the national ITCD collection
0.563	0.566	0.558	0.563
Percentage change of Gini Index
0.70%	0.40%	1.28%	0.74%

[1] Correspondência para: Antonio Albano de Freitas Contato: antonio.albanodefreitas@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

A INFLUÊNCIA DA HERANÇA E DE SUA TRIBUTAÇÃO NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS E RIQUEZA NO BRASIL E NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

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