Ferreira et al.(1515. Ferreira M, Guerra MP. Adaptação a lesão vertebro-medular. Psic Saúde Doenças. 2014; 15(2):380-95.)
|
2014 Portugal |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=33 |
3.1% mild, 12.5% moderate and 3.1% severe depression |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) |
People between nine months and 37 years of injury during a hospital rehabilitation service |
Almeida et al.(88. Almeida AS, Espirito Santo PF, Silveira MM, Openheimer DG, Dutra RAA, Bueno MDGB, et al. Depressão em indivíduos com lesão traumática de medula espinhal com úlcera por pressão. Rev Bras Cir Plást. 2013;28(2):282-8.)
|
2013 Brazil |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=50 |
28% of the patients showed mild to moderate depression, 16% showed moderate to severe depression, and 6% presented severe depression |
Beck Depression Inventory |
People between one year and more than nine years of injury during outpatient follow-up |
Conceição et al.(22. Conceição MIG, Auad CJ, Vasconcelos M, Macêdo A, Bressaneli R. Avaliação da depressão em pacientes com lesão medular. Rev Bras Ter Comport Cogn. 2010;7(2):43-59.)
|
2010 Brazil |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=125 |
35.2% had mild to moderate and 36.8% had moderate to severe depression |
Beck Depression Inventory |
People between one month and 21 years of injury during inpatient rehabilitation |
Bombardier et al.(1616. Bombardier CH, Faan JR, Tate DG, Richards JS, Wilson CS, Warren AM, et al. An exploration of modifiable risk factors for depression after spinal cord injury: which factors should we target? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(7):775-81.)
|
2012 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=244 |
20% were between 20 and 29 years of age, with these presenting higher average scores compared with other age categories |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between one month and more than 30 years of injury during outpatient follow-up |
Cuff et al.(1717. Cuff L, Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Graves DE, Kalpakjian CZ. Depression, pain intensity, and interference in acute spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2014;20(1):32-9.)
|
2014 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=203 |
28% patients presented moderate to severe depression |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between three days and nine months of injury during inpatient rehabilitation |
Tsai et al.(1818. Tsai H, Graves DE, Lai CH, Hwang LY, Pompeii LA. Association of internet use depression and among the spinal cord injury population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(2):236-43.)
|
2014 USA |
Epidemiological / Cross-sectional n=4,618 |
18.1% presented depression as determined by the diagnostic method |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
Reanalysis of national data collected years earlier with people with an average of 5.3 ± 0.09 years of injury |
Avluk et al.(1919. Avluk OC, Gurcay E, Gurcay AG, Karaameth OZ, Tamkan U, Cakcia A. Effects of chronic pain on function, depression, and sleep among patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. Ann Saudi Med. 2014;34(3):211-6.)
|
2014 Turkey |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=44 |
38.6% showed mild depression, 43.2% had moderate depression, and 9.1% showed severe depression |
Hamilton Rating Scale (HAM-D) |
People with more than six months of injury during inpatient rehabilitation |
Anderson et al.(2020. Anderson CJ, Vogel LC, K Chlan KM, Betz RR, McDonald CM. Depression in adults who sustained spinal cord injuries as children or adolescents. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30 Suppl 1:S76-82.)
|
2007 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=232 |
52.2% showed minimal depressive symptoms, 19.8% had mild depressive symptoms, 5.6% showed moderate depressive symptoms, 1.3% presented moderate to severe depression, and 0.4% had severe depression |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between five and 34 years old accompanied by a registry of a health service |
Kalpakjian et al.(2121. Kalpakjian CZ, Albright KJ. An examination of depression through the lens of spinal cord injury: comparative prevalence rates and severity in woman and men. Womens Health Issues. 2006;16(6):380-8.)
|
2006 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=585 |
Prevalence rates for women were 7.9% for major depressive disorder and 9.7% for other depressive disorders; for men the rates were 9.9% and 10.3%, respectively |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between one and 25 years of injury accompanied by national database |
Migliorini et al.(2222. Migliorini C, Callaway L, New P. Preliminary investigation into subjective well-being, mental health, resilience, and spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2013;36(6):660-5.)
|
2013 Australia |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=21 |
No participants reported clinically significant mental health symptoms at T1 as per the participation qualifying criteria at T2, but some participants (19%) reported clinically significant mental health symptoms at T2 |
Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale-short form (DASS-21) |
People accompanied by community database that participated in T1 research five years earlier and agreed to participate in T2 |
Lasprilla et al.(2323. Lasprillaa JCA, Ketchumb JM, Starkweatherc A, Nichollsa E, Wilk AR. Factors predicting depression among persons with spinal cord injury 1 to 5 years post injury. NeuroRehabilitation. 2011;29(1):9-21.)
|
2011 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=2,256 |
Prevalence of major depressive disorder was 11.9% for the 1st year and 9.7% for 5th year after spinal cord injury |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People accompanied by national database between 1 year and 5 years of injury |
Krause et al.(2424. Krause JS, Saunders LL, Reed KS, Coker J, Zhai Y, Johnso E. Comparison of the patient health questionnaire and the older adult health and mood questionnaire for self-reported depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2009;54(4):440-8.)
|
2009 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=727 |
10.7% of the participants fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People with more than one year of injury accompanied by a registry of a specialized hospital |
Hassanpour et al.(2525. Hassanpour K, Hotz-Boendermaker S, Dokladal P. Low depressive symptoms in acute spinal cord injury compared to other neurological disorders. J Neurol. 2012;259(6):1142-50.): |
2012 Switzerland |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=130 |
65% did not show depression, 30% had mild depressive symptoms, and 5% presented moderate to severe depressive symptoms |
Beck Depression Inventory |
People between one month and one year of injury during rehabilitation and clinical follow-up |
Shin et al.(2626. Shin J, Chae J, Min J, Lee C, Hwang S, Lee BS, et al. Resilience as a possible predictor for psychological distress in chronic spinal cord injured patients living in the community. Ann Rehabil Med. 2012;36(6):815-20.)
|
2012 Korea |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=37 |
40.5% presented low psychological distress and the other 59.5% presented high psychic suffering |
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) |
People hospitalized for annual examinations with a mean of 8.35 ± 7.0 years of injury |
Bombardier et al.(2727. Bombardier CH, Adams LM, Fann JR, Hoffman JM. Depression trajectories during the first year after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(2):196-203.)
|
2016 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=168 |
Low/stable depression 63.8%, mild/moderate depression 29.1%, and persistent moderate/severe depression 7.1% |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
Persons between three months and one year of injury accompanied by a medical center |
Klyce et al.(2828. Klyce DW, Bombardier CW, Davis TJ, Hartoonian N, Hoffman JM, Fann JR, et al. Distinguishing grief from depression during acute recovery from spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(8):1419-25.)
|
2015 USA |
Epidemiological / Cross-sectional n=206 |
8.4% showed depression |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People with an average of 53.5 ± 40.5 days of injury admitted to rehabilitation centers |
Fann et al(2929. Faan JR, Crane DA, Graves DE, Kalpakijian CZ, Tate DG, Bombardier CH. Depression treatment preferences after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94(12):2389-95.)
|
2013 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=183 |
28% had probable major depression |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People with an average of 51.6 ± 38.1 days of injury undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. |
Hoffman et al.(3030. Hoffman JM, Bombardier CH, Graves DE, Kalpakijian CZ, Krause JS. A longitudinal study of depression from 1 to 5 years after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(3):411-8.)
|
2011 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=1,035 |
21% participants showed probable major depression in 1st and 18% in 5th year |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between one year and five years of injury accompanied by a national database |
Fann et al.(3131. Fann JR, Bombardier CH, Richards JS, Tate DG, Wilson CS, Temkin N. Depression after spinal cord injury: comorbidities, mental health service use, and adequacy of treatment. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(3):352-9.)
|
2011 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=947 |
23% had probable major depression |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People with an average of 11.0 ± 9.7 years of injury were monitored in a national database and rehabilitation centers |
Khazaeipour et al.(3232. Khazaeipour Z, Seyedeh-Mohadeseh SM, Naghdi M. Depression following spinal cord injury: its relationship to demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015;21(2):149-55.)
|
2015 Iran |
Epidemiological / Cross-sectional n=134 |
49.3% participants showed mild to severe depression |
Beck Depression Inventory |
People with a mean of 3.86 ± 3.9 years of injury in outpatient rehabilitation |
Williams et al.(3333. Willians RT, Wilson CS, Heinemann AW, Lazowski LE, Fann JR, Bombardier C. Identifying Depression Severity Risk Factors in Persons With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2014;59(1):50-6.)
|
2014 USA |
Epidemiological/ Cross-sectional n=204 |
44% had no depression symptoms, 31% had mild symptoms, 16% had moderate symptoms, 6% had moderately severe symptoms, and 3% had severe depression symptoms |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between one month and 50 years of injury recruited from outpatient clinics, follow-up systems, hospital referrals, and clinical research records |
Richardson et al.(3434. Richardson EJ, Richards JC. Factor structure of the PHQ-9 screen for depression across time since injury among persons with spinal cord injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2008;53(2):243-9.)
|
2008 USA |
Epidemiological/ Longitudinal n=2,570 |
Depression:20.7% in the 1st year, 17.6% in the 5th year, 12.1% in the 15th year and 12.2% in the 25th year. |
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 PHQ-9 |
People between one year and 25 years of injury accompanied by a national database |