Common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing workers in COVID-19 units

Centenaro, Alexa Pupiara Flores Coelho; Andrade, Andressa de; Franco, Gianfábio Pimentel; Cardoso, Leticia Silveira; Spagnolo, Lílian Moura de Lima; Silva, Rosângela Marion da

doi:10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0059en

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 56 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2022-0059en copy

Common mental disorders and associated factors in nursing workers in COVID-19 units

Trastornos mentales comunes y factores asociados en trabajadores de enfermería en unidades de COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze the interfaces between mental illness, based on common mental disorder screening, and sociodemographic, health and life habits aspects of nursing workers at COVID-19 units.

Method:

A mixed methods study, carried out with 327 nursing workers from COVID-19 units of seven public and philanthropic, medium and large hospitals in Brazil. The collection included a socio-employment, health and lifestyle questionnaire, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and interviews. chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were applied to quantitative data and thematic content analysis, with the help of NVivo in the qualitative ones.

Results:

Common mental disorders were screened in 35.5% of the sample and were associated with female sex (p = 0.004), age up to 40 years (p = 0.003), nurse (p = 0.014), reporting previous illness (p = 0.003), using psychoactive drugs (p < 0.001), medication that was not used before the pandemic (p < 0.001) and reporting poor sleep/eating quality (p < 0.001). The impacts of the pandemic on social and family life presented interfaces with mental illness.

Conclusion:

The presence of psychological illness is suggested, possibly associated with the repercussions of the pandemic on work and personal life.

DESCRIPTORS
Nursing; Ocuppational Health; COVID-19; Pandemics; Nursing Practitioners; Hospital Units

Variable	CMD screening^† (n = 327)				p-value
	No (n = 211)		Yes (n = 116)		p-value
	N	%	N	%
Sex					0.004 ^‡
Female	171	81.0	107	92.2
Male	40	19.0	9	7.8
Age group (n=287)					0.003 ^§
Up to 40 years	117	63.9	83	79.8
> 40 years	66	36.1	21	20.2
Marital status					0.357^‡
Single	96	45.5	56	48.3
Married/stable union	115	54.5	60	51.7
Race/color					0.064^‡
White	162	76.8	98	84.5
Non-white	49	23.2	18	15.5
Workload					0.180^§
Up to 40 hours a week	145	68.7	71	61.2
41 – 80 hours a week	46	21.8	36	31.0
More than 80 hours a week	20	9.5	9	7.8
Work relationship					0.180^§
CLT^\|\|	129	61.7	83	71.6
Statutory	58	27.8	23	19.8
Temporary	18	8.6	6	5.2
Other	4	1.9	4	3.4
Position/role					0.014 ^‡
Nurse	41	19.4	36	31
Nursing technician	170	80.6	80	69
Unit in which they operate					0.297^§
COVID-19 inpatient unit	24	11.4	11	9.5
COVID-19 ICU	28	13.3	20	17.2
COVID-19 emergency	17	8.1	6	5.2
Other COVID-19 unit	35	16.6	26	22.4
I work in more than one COVID-19 unit	79	37.4	45	38.8
I work in a COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 unit	28	13.3	8	6.9
Work shift					0.448^‡
Day	77	36.5	46	39.7
Night	83	39.3	49	42.2
Mixed	51	24.2	21	18.1
Job tenure					0.071^‡
< than 5 years	67	31.8	47	40.5
5 years and more	144	68.2	69	59.5

Variable	CMD screening^†				p-value^‡
	No (n = 211)		Yes (n = 116)		p-value^‡
	N	%	N	%
Presence of any disease					0.003
No	173	82	78	67.2
Yes	38	18.0	38	32.8
More than one type of associated disease					0.005
No	210	99.5	110	94.8
Yes	1	0.5	6	5.2
Smoking					0.620
No	191	90.5	103	88.8
Yes	20	9.5	13	11.2
Physical exercise					0.050
No	109	51.7	73	62.9
Yes	102	48.3	43	37.1
Use of medications they did not use before the pandemic					< 0.001
No	186	88.2	60	51.7
Yes	25	11.8	56	48.3
Use of analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory drugs					0.161
No	201	95.3	106	91.4
Yes	10	4.7	10	8.6
Use of psychoactive drugs					< 0.001
No	203	96.2	93	80.2
Yes	8	3.8	23	19.8
Use of more than one drug class, including psychoactives					0.001
No	209	99.1	107	92.2
Yes	2	0.9	9	7.8
Satisfaction with sleep quality					< 0.001
Good or very good	87	41.2	11	9.5
Regular or poor	124	58.8	105	90.5
Satisfaction with diet quality					< 0.001
Good or very good	91	43.1	11	9.5
Regular or poor	120	56.9	105	90.5
Belonging to the COVID-19 risk group					0.448
No	196	92.9	105	90.5
Yes	15	7.1	11	9.5
Tested positive for COVID-19					0.397
No	157	74.4	81	69.9
Yes	54	25.6	35	30.1

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Alexa Pupiara Flores Coelho Centenaro Avenida Independência, 3751 Bairro Vista Alegre 98300-000 – Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil alexa.coelho@ufsm.br