Wheeler et al., 2018(1717. Wheeler AC, Ventura CV, Ridenour T, Toth D, Nobrega LL, Dantas LCSS, et al. Skills attained by infants with congenital Zika syndrome: Pilot data from Brazil. PLoS One. 2018;13(7). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0...
) |
Cohort |
To describe the early development profiles of babies with CZS, focusing on abilities related to solving very early problems, communication, motor and socioemotional development. |
Sample: 47 children Age: 13 to 22 months |
Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) |
Sleep duration was 9 hours at night, 2.3 hours during the day; sleep latency had a mean of 32 minutes. Sleep problems affected 18%. |
Pinato et al., 2018(1818. Pinato L, Ribeiro EM, Leite RFP, Lopes TF, Pessoa ALS, Guissoni Campos LM, et al. Sleep findings in Brazilian children with congenital Zika syndrome. Sleep. 2018;41(3). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy009...
) |
Cross-sectional |
To investigate the sleep characteristics of 136 babies and young children. |
Sample: 88 children with CZS and 38 with typical development (TD) Age: 5 to 24 months, mean of 15.9 months |
Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) |
Children with CZS: 34.1% were poor sleepers; 15% stayed awake at night for longer than one hour; 24% slept less than 9 hours. Short total sleeping time, short duration of sleep at night and no correlation between age and being awake at night in relation to TD. 77% had an epilepsy diagnosis. |
Lage et al., 2019(1919. Lage MLC, Carvalho AL, Ventura PA, Taguchi TB, Fernandes AS, Pinho SF, et al. Clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological findings in children with microcephaly related to congenital zika virus infection. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(3):309. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030309...
) |
Retrospective cross-sectional |
To describe the clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological characteristics of children with congenital microcephaly diagnosed upon birth and potentially associated to congenital infection with ZikV. |
Sample: 102 children Age: mean of 4.1 months VEEG Sample: 96 children |
Unspecified standardized assessments VEEG |
Irritability/impatient cry in 27.5%, sleep difficulties in 9.8% and epileptogenetic activity in 56.3%. |
Kanda et al., 2018(2020. Kanda PAM, Aguiar ADAX, Miranda JL, Falcao AL, Andrade CS, Reis LNDS, et al. Sleep EEG of Microcephaly in Zika Outbreak. Neurodiagn J. 2018;58(1):11-29. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2018.1428461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21646821.2018....
) |
Retrospective cross-sectional |
To describe the findings of electroencephalogram (EEG) on the sleep of epileptic children who were born with microcephaly in areas of Brazil with active transmission of Zika virus between 2014 and 2017. |
Sample: 23 children Age: 4 to 48 months |
EEG |
A distinct pattern of EEG was observed in ZikV (5 cases) and rhythmic activity was associated to hypsarrhythmia or slow background, with long periods of rhythmic generalized activity or focal of 4.5 to 24 Hz being common in the EEG of ZikV. |
Ferreira et al., 2018(2121. Ferreira H, Schiariti V, Regalado I, Sousa K, Pereira S, Fechine C, et al. Functioning and Disability Profile of Children with Microcephaly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Infection. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(6):1107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061107...
) |
Cross-sectional |
To describe the functional profile of children with microcephaly associated to ZikV in two states of the Brazilian northeast. |
Sample: 34 children Age: mean of 21.2 months |
Infant Sleep Questionnaire (ISQ); the results were directly converted into qualifiers of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF). |
47.1% reported no disability and 20.6% severe problem in sleep functions (category b134). |
Carvalho et al., 2017(2222. Carvalho MDCG, Miranda-Filho DDB, van der Linden V, Sobral PF, Ramos RCF, Rocha MÂW, et al. Sleep EEG patterns in infants with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(1):204-14. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.11.004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016....
) |
Cohort, case series |
To describe the EEG sleep patterns of newborns and children with microcephaly due to congenital Zika virus (ZikV) syndrome. |
Sample: 37 children Age: 1 to 5 months |
EEG |
Different types of EEG abnormalities have been found in CSZ with a predominance of epileptogenic interictal activity and hypsarrhythmia. |
Lima, 2017(2323. Lima DLP. Avaliação do desempenho funcional, do sono e descrição da rede de saúde utilizada por crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus [Dissertation]. Recife: Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2017. Available from: https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/25094/1/DISSERTA%c3%87%c3%83O%20Danielly%20La%c3%ads%20Pereira%20Lima.pdf. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/12...
) |
Cross-sectional, case series |
To assess the functional performance and sleep of children with CSZ between 6 and 18 months of age and describe the health network used by children with CSZ in inland Pernambuco. |
Sample: 79 children Age: 6 to 11 months: mean of 10,3 months; 12–18 months: mean of 14.46 months |
Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) |
75.9% of the mothers did not consider the sleep of their children a problem. 88,5% of the sample did not awake or awaked only once during sleep at night and 67% slept between 8 and 12 hours per night. |
Krueger et al., 2020(2424. Krueger MB, Magalhães SC, Pessoa A, Bueno C, Masruha MR, Sobreira-Neto MA. Electrical status epilepticus during sleep in patients with congenital Zika virus syndrome: An unprecedented clinical finding. Seizure. 2020;81:250-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.08.019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020...
) |
Case series |
To assess the clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of patients with congenital Zika virus syndrome who presented a pattern of electric epileptic state during slow-wave sleep (ESES). |
Sample: 4 children Age: 4 years |
VEEG |
Epilepsy diagnosed between one month and 18 months of age, presenting an ESES pattern at three years of age. The children presented a wide range of epileptic symptoms, but all experienced tonic convulsions. |
van der Linden et al., 2020(2525. van der Linden H, van der Linden V, Pessoa A, Valente KD. Continuous epileptiform discharges during sleep as an evolutionary pattern in patients with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Epilepsia. 2020;61(9). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.16631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.16631...
) |
Longitudinal |
To describe the evolutive patterns of EEG after the second year of life in a long series of cases of patients with confirmed CZVS. |
Sample: 55 children Age: mean of 50 months |
EEG and VEEG |
Continuous epileptic discharges during non-rapid eye movement sleep were identified in 40% of the children; in 90.1%, this pattern was symmetrical, with a previous predominance of epilepsy-like activity; with severe epilepsy in 68.2%. Subcortical calcification and multi focal EEGs in previous ages occurred more frequently in patients with this pattern. Other unspecified interictal EEG patterns were epilepsy-like focal discharges in 41.8% and multi-focal activity in 10.9%. |
Sequerra et al., 2020(2626. Sequerra EB, Rocha AJ, Medeiros GOC, Neto MM, Maia CRS, Arrais NMR, et al. Association between brain morphology and electrophysiological features in Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: A cross-sectional, observational study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;26:100508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.10...
) |
Cross-sectional |
To present perceptive correlations between the occurrence of epilepsy-like discharges and rhombencephalon malformation, prosencephalon volume and oscillations related to sleep. |
Sample: 47 children Age: unspecified |
EEG Computerized tomography |
Epilepsy diagnosis for 62% of the sample, with epileptic-like discharges, including interictal unilateral peaks (90%), bilateral synchronous and asynchronous interictal peaks (72%) and hypsarrhythmia (41%). 58% of children with clinical epilepsy were born with rhombencephalon malformations associated to epilepsy. The presence of interictal epileptic-like discharges (IED) was associated to smaller brain volumes. 25% presented sleep spindles associated to the presence of IED. |