| Haddad MB, Wilson TW, Ches MS, Ljaz K, Marks SM, Moore M. Tuberculosis and homelessness in the United States, 1994-2003. JAMA 2005; 293(22):2762-6. |
Cross-sectional |
1994-2003 |
Out of the total cases, 11,369 (6.4%) were PLS, and most (86.5%) were male, aged 40 to 49 (35.8%), and self-reported as black (44.8%). Among PLS, there was a higher prevalence in substance use (53.8% for alcohol abuse, 29.5% for non-injection drug abuse, and 14.0% for injection drugs); 34.0% presented TB/HIV co-infection, and 9.1% were imprisoned during the diagnosis. Medication supervision was conducted in 86.0% of PLS. |
Both groups (living on the streets and with residence) presented a 9% mortality rate. |
A |
| Heo D, Min HG, Lee HH. The clinical characteristics and predictors of treatment success of pulmonary tuberculosis in homeless persons at a public hospital in Busan. Korean J Fam Med 2012; 33:372-80. |
Cross-sectional |
2001-2010 |
Most PLS were male (96.5%); the mean age was 46.7 years. Smokers amounted to 66.2%, 45.1% had previous TB treatment and, out of these, 13.4% were cured after recurrence; 62.7% developed some type of chronic disease after exposure to TB, 58.4% developed alcohol dependence and 53.5% developed malnourishment. |
Cure rate was 35.2%, Abandonment: 21.8%, Death: 19.7%, Transference: 9.9%, Treatment failure: 1.4%. Outcomes presented as "no information" amounted to 12%. |
B |
| Feske ML, Teeter LD, Musser M, Graviss EA. Counting the homeless: a previously incalculable tuberculosis risk and its social determinants. Am J Public Health 2013;103(5):839-48. |
Retrospective |
1995-2004 |
PLS (n=248) were mostly male (96.8%), black (53%), between 40 and 59 years-old (71%), drug user (64.4%), alcohol user (73.4%), smoker (91.9%), with a record of incarceration (88.3%), single (94%), with pulmonary TB (96%) and in a situation of homelessness six months before TB diagnosis (13%). |
The incidence of TB was 9.5/100,000 among people with residence and 411/100,000 among PLS.
Hospitalization lasted four times longer for PLS: 70 days, whereas, for people with residence, this was 13.6 days. |
A |
| Bamrah S, Woodruff RSY, Powell K, Ghosh S, Kammerer JS, Haddad MB. Tuberculosis among the homeless, United States, 1994-2010. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013;17(11):1414-9. |
Cross-sectional |
1994-2010 |
The street population represented 6% of notified cases. From 2006 to 2010, the incidence rate of TB ranged from 36 to 47 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Most were male, black (52%), between 25 and 64 years-old (52%), among people born in the USA, and between 25 and 44 years (51%), among those born outside the USA. TB-HIV co-infection was 22% in PLS and 5% in people with residence. |
Both PLS and people with residence presented an 8% death rate and 85% of PLS completed the treatment. The study presented no data on treatment abandonment. PLS had a 10 times higher TB incidence, twice the chance of not completing treatment, and were more inclined to substance abuse. |
A |
| Uchimura K, Ngamvithayapong-Yanai J, Kawatsu L, Ohkado A, Yoshiyama T, Shimouchi A, Ito K, Ishikawa N. Characteristics and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases by risk groups, Japan, 2007-2010. WPSAR 2013; 4(1): 11-8. |
Cross-sectional |
2007-2010 |
TB in the street population represented 1.4% of cases notified in Japan. The biggest proportion was observed in males (94.7%) aged 15 to 64 (70.2%), with a mean age of 59 years, and most had pulmonary clinical form (91.3%). Most cases occurred in cities with more than one million inhabitants (67.3%). The presence of cavities in the lung was observed in a higher proportion in the population living on the streets when compared to other risk groups (48.9%). Comorbidity due to Diabetes Mellitus was present in 16.6% of cases in PLS and TB/HIV co-infection amounted to 0.7%. |
Regarding PLS, 55% were cured, 11.1% died, 2.7% abandoned treatment, 16.7% were transferred, 14.3% were under treatment, and 1.6% had treatment failure.
Regarding gender, death rate was 17.5% for males and 4.8% for females. |
B |
| Korzeniewska-Kosela M, Kus J, Lewandowska K, Siemion-Szczesniak I. Tuberculosis in homeless persons in Poland. PrzeglEpidemiol 2015; 69:445-51. |
Cross-sectional |
2004-2013 |
TB afflicted 90.5% of males and the mean age was 49.8 years; previous TB treatment (16%); pulmonary TB (98%); positive bacilloscopy (70.7%), and resistance to isoniazid (2.9%). |
Regarding treatment outcome, the following was observed: 44.1% cure, 24.8% treatment abandonment, 7.2% death, 5.2% transference, 0.4% undergoing treatment, 0.4% treatment failure, and 17.9% no information. |
B |
| Ranzani OT, Carvalho CRR, Waldman EA, Rodrigues LC. The impact of being homeless on the unsuccessful outcome of treatment of pulmonary TB in São Paulo State, Brazil. BMC Med 2016;14(41):1-13. |
Cohort |
2009-2013 |
PLS comprised 2.8% of the notified cases. There was a higher concentration of PLS in major cities. Most were male (87.1%), brown (40.5%), 35 to 45 years old (31%), had 4 to 7 years of education (45%), and had the pulmonary form (80.4%). The percentage of TB/HIV co-infection was 17.3% and of Diabetes Mellitus, 2.9%. Usage of alcohol and drugs among PLS was three times more frequent when compared to people with residence. |
The percentage of unsuccessful treatment was 57.3%, with loss to follow-up (39.0%) and death (10.5%) being the main problems.
Directly Observed Treatment (TDO) was administrated to 69.6%. |
A |
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