Factors associated with vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) in the
					elderly

This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors and receiving information about the vaccine against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) associated with vaccination of elderly people. Study of quantitative and transversal nature, in which 286 elderly residents in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil participated. The association between variables was analyzed by the Pearson chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval and significance level (p≤0.05). The results revealed that, unlike the sociodemographic characteristics, many clinical, behavioral and informational aspects correlated significantly with adherence to Influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. It is believed that the findings can be used in strategies to control and prevent infection by viral subtypes within the elderly population, extensible even to other vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in light of possible future pandemics.

Aged; Immunization; Influenza vaccines; Influenza A Virus H1N1 Subtype

Authorship

Janaína Fonseca Victor

PhD in Nursing. Associate Professor II, Department of Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. janainavictor@uol.com.brDepartment of NursingBrazilFortaleza, BrazilPhD in Nursing. Associate Professor II, Department of Nursing, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. janainavictor@uol.com.br

Gabriele Dias Gomes

Nurse graduated from the Federal University of CearaFederal University of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilNurse graduated from the Federal University of Ceara

Luana Rodrigues Sarmento

Nurse graduated from the Federal University of CearaFederal University of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilNurse graduated from the Federal University of Ceara

Arethusa Morais de Gouveia Soares

Master of Nursing. Nurse at Municipal Health Department of FortalezaNurse at Municipal Health Department of FortalezaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilMaster of Nursing. Nurse at Municipal Health Department of Fortaleza

Fernanda Rochelly do Nascimento Mota

Nurse. Master’s Student, Nursing Graduate Program , Federal University of CearaFederal University of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilNurse. Master’s Student, Nursing Graduate Program , Federal University of Ceara

Bruna Michelle Belém Leite

Master of Nursing. Professor, Undergraduate Nursing, College of Education and Culture of CearaCollege of Education and Culture of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilMaster of Nursing. Professor, Undergraduate Nursing, College of Education and Culture of Ceara

Edson Silva Soares

Masters in Public Health. I Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of CearaDepartment of Physical EducationBrazilFortaleza, BrazilMasters in Public Health. I Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Ceara

Maria Josefina da Silva

PhD in Nursing. Associate Professor II, Coordinator of Undergraduate Nursing, Federal University of CearaFederal University of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilPhD in Nursing. Associate Professor II, Coordinator of Undergraduate Nursing, Federal University of Ceara

Correspondence: Janaína Fonseca Victor, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 449 - Bairro Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-160 - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Nurse graduated from the Federal University of CearaFederal University of CearaBrazilFortaleza, BrazilNurse graduated from the Federal University of Ceara

Tables

Tables (3)

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Table 1 - Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly, according to vaccination status against Influenza A (H1N1) - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 2011.

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Table 2 - Distribution of clinical and behavioral characteristics of the elderly according to vaccination status against Influenza A (H1N1) - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 2011.

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Table 3 - Maternal mortality specific for hemorrhage, occurring in the State of Santa Catarina by health macroregion, in the period 1997-2010

Table 1 - Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly, according to vaccination status against Influenza A (H1N1) - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 2011.

Characteristics	Vaccination against Influenza A				p-value*
	Yes		No
	N	%	N	%
Gender					0.19
Female	135	65.2	72	34.8
Male	45	57.0	34	43.0
Age
60-65 years	64	56.6	49	43.4	0.05
66-70 years	53	76.8	16	23.2
71 -75 years	32	59.3	22	40.7
76 or more	31	62.0	19	38.0
Education
Illiterate	46	66.7	23	33.3	0.93
One to five years of study	72	62.1	44	37.9
Five years of study or more	62	61.4	39	38.6
Marital status
Single	21	65.6	11	34.4	0.83
Marriage/stable union	84	61.8	52	38.2
Divorced/Separated	22	56.4	17	43.6
Widow	53	67.1	26	32.9
Occupation
Retired	132	66.0	68	34.0	0.16
Pensioner	24	64.9	13	35.1
Formal work or commerce	24	49.0	25	51.0
People they live with
Spouse	14	50.0	14	50.0	0.42
Spouse and child(ren)	37	59.6	25	40.4
Only with child(ren)	33	68.7	15	31.3
Trigenerational arrangement	48	62.3	29	37.7
Alone	18	69.2	8	30.8
Other arrangement	30	66.7	15	33.3
Personal income
Less than a minimum wage (MW)**	41	69.5	18	30.5	0.47
One to two MW	128	61.0	82	39.0
Three to four MW	5	62.5	3	37.5
More than four MW	6	66.7	3	33.3

* Pearson Chi-square test
**A minimal wage corresponded to (MW)= R$ 510,00 at the time of research

Table 2 - Distribution of clinical and behavioral characteristics of the elderly according to vaccination status against Influenza A (H1N1) - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 2011.

Characteristics	Vaccination against Influenza A				p-value*
	Yes		No
	N	%	N	%
Chronic disease
None	23	40.4	34	59.6	0.01
One	66	65.3	35	34.7
Two or more	91	71.1	37	28.9
Use of medication(s) of continuous use
Yes	157	68.5	72	31.5	0.01
No	23	40.3	34	59.7	0.01
Health monitoring
Yes	157	68.5	72	31.5	0.01
No	23	40.3	34	59.5	0.01
Frequency of visits to the FHC
Weekly	19	86.4	3	13.6	0.01
Fortnightly	2	66.7	1	33.3
Monthly	87	68	41	32
Occasionally	72	54.1	61	45.9
Participation in FHC groups
Yes	51	75	17	25	0.02
No	129	59.2	89	40.8	0.02
Hospitalization during the last year
None	169	64	95	36	0.13
One	11	55	9	45
More than one	0	0	2	100
Self-rated health
Excellent	13	46.4	15	53.6	0.29
Good	71	64	40	36
Reasonable	74	66.1	38	33.9
Bad	13	56.5	10	43.5
Really bad	9	75	3	25
Independence in basic activities of daily living (BADL)**
Yes	166	62.9	98	37.1	0.94
No	14	63.6	8	36.4	0.94
Alcoholism
No	173	89.6	95	35.4	0.02
Yes	7	10.3	11	61.1	0.02
Smoking
No	171	64.3	95	35.7	0.08
Yes	9	45	11	55	0.08
Practice of exercise
No practice	88	56.1	69	43.9	0.01
Less than 3 times per week	40	74.1	14	25.9
3 or more times per week	52	69.3	23	30.7

* Pearson Chi-square test
**Basic activities of daily living (BADL): taking a shower, getting dressed, going to the restroom, transference, continence and feeding

Table 3 - Maternal mortality specific for hemorrhage, occurring in the State of Santa Catarina by health macroregion, in the period 1997-2010

Characteristics	Vaccination against Influenza A				p-value*
	Yes		No
	N	%	N	%
Receiving information about the vaccine					0.01
Yes	178	67.2	87	32.8
No	2	9.5	19	90.5
Information about the vaccine in the media**
TV	141	66.8	70	33.2
Radio	20	80	5	20	0.02
Posters	25	71.4	10	28.6	0.06
Other means	36	61	23	39	0.26
					0.63
Information about the vaccine with the health professional**
Nurse	41	80.4	10	19.6	0.01
Physician	27	84.4	5	15.6
Community Health Agent	48	81.4	11	18.6
Assigning importance to immunization with the vaccine					0.01
Yes	171	69	77	31
No	9	23.7	29	76.3
Access to the vaccine comments about others who were immunized
Yes	37	100	4	0	0.01
No	143	98.6	102	1.4	0.01
Influence of comments from other immunized people on the decision to be vaccinated					0.05
Yes	17	53.1	15	46.9
No	163	71.4	91	28.6

*Pearson Chi-square test
**Answer with more than one option

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Factors associated with vaccination against Influenza A (H1N1) in the elderly

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[1] Correspondence: Janaína Fonseca Victor, Rua Alexandre Baraúna, 449 - Bairro Rodolfo Teófilo, CEP 60430-160 - Fortaleza, CE, Brazil