Almawazini et al.(2020. Almawazini AM, Hanafi HK, Madkhali HA, Majrashi NB. Effectiveness of the critical congenital heart disease screening program for early diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities in newborn infants. Saudi Med J. 2017;38(10):1019–24. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.10.20295. PubMed PMID: 28917066. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.10.202...
) |
2,961 |
21 to < 40 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–94%: new assessment in 1 hour. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Andrews et al.(2121. Andrews JP, Ross AS, Salazar MA, Tracy NA, Burke Jr BL. Smooth implementation of critical congenital heart defect screening in a newborn nursery. Clin Pediatr. 2014;53(2):173–6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922813502850. PubMed PMID: 24037922. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922813502850...
) |
1,908 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: three new assessments in 1, 2 and 3 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Arlettaz et al.(2222. Arlettaz R, Bauschatz AS, Monkhoff M, Essers B, Bauersfeld U. The contribution of pulse oximetry to the early detection of congenital heart disease in newborns. Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165(2):94–8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-005-0006-y. PubMed PMID: 16211399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-005-0006-...
) |
3,257 |
6 to 12 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–94%: new assessment in 6 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Van Naarden Braun et al.(2323. Van Naarden Braun K, Grazel R, Koppel R, Lakshminrusimha S, Lohr J, Kumar P, et al. Evaluation of critical congenital heart defects screening using pulse oximetry in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol. 2017;37(10):1117–23. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.105. PubMed PMID: 28749481. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2017.105...
) |
3,423 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: two new assessments in 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: Echocardiogram was performed. |
Cubells et al.(2424. Cubells E, Torres B, Nuñez-Ramiro A, Sánchez-Luna M, Izquierdo I, Vento M. Congenital critical heart defect screening in a health area of the community of Valencia (Spain): a prospective observational study. Int J Neonatal Screen. 2018;4(1):3. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns4010003. PubMed PMID: 33072929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijns4010003...
) |
8,856 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–95%: new assessment in one hour. If lower than 94% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: admission to the NICU and echocardiogram. |
Diller et al.(2525. Diller CL, Kelleman MS, Kupke KG, Quary SC, Kochilas LK, Oster ME. A modified algorithm for critical congenital heart disease screening using pulse oximetry. Pediatrics. 2018;141(5):1–7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4065. PubMed PMID: 29691284. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4065...
) |
77,154 |
up to 24 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–94%: new assessment between 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 94% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Donia and Tolba(2626. Donia AES, Tolba OA. Use of early pulse oximetry in the detection of cardiac lesions among asymptomatic term newborns. Gaz Egypt Paediatr Assoc. 2016;64(1):1–5. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epag.2016.02.001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epag.2016.02.0...
) |
120 |
2 to 24 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. |
Gamhewage et al.(2727. Gamhewage NC, Perera KSY, Weerasekera M. Effectiveness of newborn pulse oximetry screening for the identification of critical congenital heart disease in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka J Child Health. 2021;50(4):699–703. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v50i4.9890. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v50i4.9890...
) |
8,718 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |
Gong et al.(2828. Gong A, Livingston J, Creel L, Ocampo E, McKee-Garrett T, Guillory C. Texas Pulse Oximetry Project: a multicenter educational and quality improvement project for implementation of critical congenital heart disease screening using pulse oximetry. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34(9):856–60. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599214. PubMed PMID: 28264208. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599214...
) |
11,322 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–94%: new assessment between 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 94% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Havelund et al.(2929. Havelund KW, Hulgaard M, Malberg D, Fenger-Gron J. Implementation of pulse oximetry screening in a Danish maternity ward. Dan Med J. 2019;66(11):1–4. PubMed PMID: 31686645.) |
2,796 |
up to 24 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: two new assessments in 30 minutes and 1 hour. Pediatric evaluation and echocardiogram persisting below 95%. |
Jones et al.(3030. Jones AJ, Howarth C, Nicholl R, Mat-Ali E, Knowles R. The impact and efficacy of routine pulse oximetry screening for CHD in a local hospital. Cardiol Young. 2016;26(7):1397–405. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1047951115002784. PubMed PMID: 26905447. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104795111500278...
) |
10,260 |
2 to 24 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, admission to the NICU and an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: admission to the NICU and echocardiogram. |
Kardasevic et al.(3131. Kardasevic M, Jovanovic I, Samardzic JP. Implementation of congenital heart diseases screening at the Bihac Cantonal Hospital. Mater Sociomed. 2017;29(1):45–7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/msm.2017.29.45-47. PubMed PMID: 28484354. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2017.29.45-4...
) |
1,745 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90% echocardiogram performed. |
Manja et al.(3232. Manja V, Mathew B, Carrion V, Lakshminrusimha S. Critical congenital heart disease screening by pulse oximetry in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol. 2015;35(1):67–71. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2014.135. PubMed PMID: 25058746. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2014.135...
) |
1,445 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Meberg et al.(3333. Meberg A, Andreassen A, Brunvand L, Markestad T, Moster D, Nietsch L, et al. Pulse oximetry screening as a complementary strategy to detect critical congenital heart defects. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(4):682–6. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01199.x. PubMed PMID: 19154526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008...
) |
48,686 |
up to 21 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: clinical examination or echocardiogram. |
Meberg et al.(3434. Meberg A, Brügmann-Pieper S, Due Jr R, Eskedal L, Fagerli I, Farstad T, et al. First day of life pulse oximetry screening to detect congenital heart defects. J Pediatr. 2008;152(6):761–5. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.12.043. PubMed PMID: 18492511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.12....
) |
57,909 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95% were symptomatic and referred for evaluation by a pediatrician. Asymptomatic patient re-evaluated within 3 hours and persisting <95% the pediatrician was called. |
Miller et al.(3535. Miller K, Vig K, Goetz E, Spicer G, Yang AJ, Hokanson JS. Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease in planned out of hospital births and the incidence of critical congenital heart disease in the Plain community. J Perinatol. 2016;36(12):1088–91. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.135. PubMed PMID: 27583398. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.135...
) |
1,600 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in 1 and 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Mohsin et al.(3636. Mohsin M, Humayun KN, Atiq M. Clinical screening for congenital heart disease in newborns at a tertiary care hospital of a developing country. Cureus. 2019;11(6):e4808. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4808. PubMed PMID: 31403007. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4808...
) |
1,650 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. ≤94%: new evaluation in one hour. If lower than 94% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. |
Mosayebi et al.(3737. Mosayebi Z, Movahedian AH, Amini E, Asbagh PA, Ghorbansabagh V, Shariat M, et al. Evaluation of pulse oximetry in the early diagnosis of cardiac and noncardiac diseases in healthy newborns. Iran. J. Neonatol. 2020;11:43–50. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22038/IJN.2019.38511.1608. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJN.2019.38511....
) |
413 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in up to 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Özalkaya et al.(3838. Özalkaya E, Akdagˇ A, S¸en I, Cömert E, Yaren HM. Early screening for critical congenital heart defects in asymptomatic newborns in Bursa province. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(7):1105–7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.1035642. PubMed PMID: 25902399. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2015.10...
) |
8,208 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |
Patriciu et al.(3939. Patriciu M, Avasiloaiei A, Moscalu M, Stamatin M. Pulse oximetry during the first 24 hours as a screening tool for congenital heart defects. J Crit Care Med. 2017;3(1):12–7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jccm-2017-0004. PubMed PMID: 29967865. https://doi.org/10.1515/jccm-2017-0004...
) |
5,406 |
up to 24 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |
Prudhoe et al.(4040. Prudhoe S, Abu-Harb M, Richmond S, Wren C. Neonatal screening for critical cardiovascular anomalies using pulse oximetry. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98(4):F346–50. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302045. PubMed PMID: 23341250. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-201...
) |
29,930 |
2 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |
Richmond et al.(4141. Richmond S, Reay G, Abu Harb M. Routine pulse oximetry in the asymptomatic newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;87(2):83–8. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fn.87.2.F83. PubMed PMID: 12193511. https://doi.org/10.1136/fn.87.2.F83...
) |
5,626 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in up to 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. |
Saxena et al.(4242. Saxena A, Mehta A, Ramakrishnan S, Sharma M, Salhan S, Kalaivani M, et al. Pulse oximetry as a screening tool for detecting major congenital heart defects in Indian newborns. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2015;100(5):F416-21. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307485. PubMed PMID: 26038347. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-201...
) |
19,009 |
up to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |
Singh et al.(4343. Singh A, Rasiah SV, Ewer AK. The impact of routine predischarge pulse oximetry screening in a regional neonatal unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2014;99(4):F297–302. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305657. PubMed PMID: 24646619. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-201...
) |
25,859 |
up to 12 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: new assessment in up to 2 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, admission to the NICU and an echocardiogram was performed. |
Tautz et al.(4444. Tautz J, Merkel C, Loersch F, Egen O, Hägele F, Thon HM, et al. Implication of pulse oxymetry screening for detection of congenital heart defects. Klin Padiatr. 2010;222(5):291–5. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1253391. PubMed PMID: 20458668. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1253391...
) |
3,336 |
6 to 36 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. 90–94%: new assessment in 4 and 6 hours. If lower than 95% persisted, an echocardiogram was performed. <90%: echocardiogram performed. |
Tsao et al.(4545. Tsao PC, Shiau YS, Chiang SH, Ho HC, Liu YL, Chung YF, et al. Development of a newborn screening program for Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) in Taipei. PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0153407. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153407. PubMed PMID: 27073996. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.015...
) |
6,296 |
24 to 36 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: three new reviews in 30 minutes, 1 hour and 1 hour and 30 minutes. Persisting below 95% echocardiogram performance. |
Vaidyanathan et al.(4646. Vaidyanathan B, Sathish G, Mohanan ST, Sundaram KR, Warrier KK, Kumar RK. Clinical screening for Congenital heart disease at birth: a prospective study in a community hospital in Kerala. Indian Pediatr. 2011;48(1):25–30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-011-0021-1. PubMed PMID: 20972295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-011-0021-...
) |
5,487 |
up to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. ≤94%: echocardiogram performed. |
Walsh(4747. Walsh W. Evaluation of pulse oximetry screening in Middle Tennessee: cases for consideration before universal screening. J Perinatol. 2011;31(2):125–9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2010.70. PubMed PMID: 20508595. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2010.70...
) |
14,564 |
24 to 48 |
≥94%: no additional procedures. <94%: assessment by a pediatric cardiologist. |
Zayachnikova et al.(4848. Zayachnikova T, Delryu N, Shishimorov I, Magnitskaya O, Belan E. Accuracy of pulse oximetryfor early detection of critical congenital heart disease in Volgograd region (Russia). Archive Euromedica. 2020;10(2):53–4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2199-885X/2020/10/2.16. https://doi.org/10.35630/2199-885X/2020/...
) |
20,547 |
24 to 48 |
≥95%: no additional procedures. <95%: echocardiogram performed. |