The aim of the study was to identify the breast feeding position and holding variables related to nipple trauma. This case-control study assessed the onset of nipple trauma among women hospitalized at a University Hospital in the city of São Paulo, in 2004 and 2005. Subjects were puerperae diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral nipple trauma. Data analysis was performed using chi-square, Student's t, and odds ratio tests (CI= 95%) and correspondence analysis. Participants were 146 puerperal women and their newborns, being 73 cases and 73 controls. Statistically significant position and holding variables for causing lesions were the following: newborns with their necks bent/contorted, chin away from the breast and lip-related defect (turned inward). Trauma prevention at the beginning of breast feeding is crucial for continuing this practice. Following adequate positioning is decisive for establishing effective and prolonged breast feeding.
Breast feeding; Nipples; Case-control studies; Women's health; Obstetrical nursing
