Matrix of critical processes of violence against and between young university students: the experience of nursing

Fialla, Melissa dos Reis Pinto Mafra; Larocca, Liliana Müller; Chaves, Maria Marta Nolasco; Lourenço, Rafaela Gessner

doi:10.1590/S1980-220X2020004303716

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. esc. enferm. USP 55 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-220X2020004303716 copy

Matrix of critical processes of violence against and between young university students: the experience of nursing^* * Extracted from the thesis: “Proteção e desgaste: a dialética das violências contra e entre jovens universitários no estado do Paraná”, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2019.

Matriz de procesos críticos de violencia entre y contra jóvenes universitarios: experiencia de la enfermería

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To describe the steps that led to the formulation of a matrix of critical processes as an experience of public health nursing as part of reflections about coping with violence against and between young university students.

Method:

Mixed methods study. During the quantitative step, a descriptive, retrospective, time series study was carried out with data available in the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases, which recorded 854 cases of violence against and between young university students, whose ages ranged from 18 to 29 years old, reported in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2009 and 2015. 'The qualitative step focused on producing a descriptive study with 68 university students by applying content analysis, supported by the software webQDA.

Results:

The formulated matrix of critical processes showed protection and attrition processes, as well as weaknesses in their domains and dimensions, which allowed reflection on the interventions necessary to transform the objective reality of violence against and between young university students in the state of Paraná.

Conclusion:

Formulating the matrix of critical processes as an experience of reflection about coping with different types of violence allowed the application of theoretical and practical dialogue in a dialect of contraries, a principle that is foundational in public health nursing practice.

DESCRIPTORS:
Students; Universities; Exposure to Violence; Public Health Nursing; Nursing; Epidemiology

Dimensions	General	Specific	Individual
Domains	General	Specific	Individual
Production life	Professor vs. student domination; harassment; violence of different types, especially psychological, physical and sexual	Students' overload about the professional training process because of excessive pressure; harassment in the different forms of established relationships in the institution; precarious social relationships	Psychological disorders; fragilities in gender identity
Consumption-related and everyday life	Insertion in the production system; way of living emphasizing the study of young university students in Paraná	Low academic performance; restriction in social contacts; lack of safety in spaces and territories where young university students move around	Restrictions on obtaining proper diet, access to decent housing, and leisure and cultural activities, caused by economic difficulties and excess activities
Political life	Ruling class, which holds power (state and professors); centrality of power in institutional relationships (professors are the ones who hold the forms of power in these institutions)	Inadequacy in coping with social determinants of violence	Helplessness around formulating and participating in strategies to cope with the different types of violence experienced in daily life
Ideological life	Prevailing power ideology	Students' worldview	Subordination
Life related to the relationship with natural conditions	Not studied	Stressful, racist, sexist study environment; lack of safety inside and outside campuses; inadequate access to public transport and services	Personal fragility in coping with the types of violence

Social determination of health and disease conditions	Protection and attrition processes	Actions to cope with violence	Results indicators
Work/study process = overload, attrition, competitiveness, harassment, psychological violence	Mental distress (depression, isolation/ distancing); Vulnerable groups: gender identity and race, lack of solidarity actions	Promoting changes toward more ethics and respect in hierarchical relationships; Creation of institutional policies to cope with violence. Institutional actions focused on interculturality and gender relationships. Reporting of violence episodes during appointments offered in the institution.	Institutionally promoting respect of differences and diversity in interpersonal relationships: professors vs. students, students vs. employees, students vs. students, and the external community. Delivery of care by a multidisciplinary health team. Information processes regarding the effectiveness of actions to fight violence at both the institution and government levels.
Nonexistence of collective actions (reality vs. need)	Low level of collective achievement, collective negotiation capacity with the state, and groups with institutional power	Empowerment of vulnerable groups (with emphasis on gender and ethnicity/race issues) in the face of violent incidents inside and outside the campuses	Permanent campaigns to prevent violence
Lack of actions by managers (state and Universidade Federal do Paraná) to cope with the different types of violence	More discussion about violence inside and outside the campuses; Implementation of strategies to cope with violence	Dissemination of information about violent episodes inside and outside the campuses in mass media. Creation of intervention/ teaching, research, and extension projects, discussion of alterity relationships (subject to be offered in all courses)	Reduction in incidence of different types of violence in the institutional and governmental spheres.

Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 419 , 05403-000 São Paulo - SP/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 11) 3061-7553, - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: reeusp@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Melissa dos Reis Pinto Mafra Fialla Rua Luiz Massuquetto, 71, Bacacheri CEP 82600-510 - Curitiba, PR, Brazil mrpmafra@yahoo.com.br