Heat Id |
Vacuum treatment time [min] |
Circulation flow rate [t/min] |
Top slag composition | FeO+MnO in top slag |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 15 | 130 - 135 | Standard | ≤ 10% |
2 | Optimized | |||
3 | Standard | > 10% | ||
4 | Optimized |
Sample | FeO+MnO Level |
Top Slag | Heat Id |
T [K] |
Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | SiO2 | FeO | MnO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | ≤ 10% | Standard | 1 | 1875 | 43.09 | 33.27 | 6.69 | 9.66 | 1.60 | 5.69 |
Optimized | 2 | 1857 | 27.96 | 48.12 | 7.07 | 12.87 | 1.59 | 2.39 | ||
15 | Standard | 1 | 1843 | 42.72 | 31.87 | 6.59 | 11.98 | 1.41 | 5.43 | |
Optimized | 2 | 1839 | 29.02 | 45.02 | 6.98 | 12.68 | 2.35 | 3.95 | ||
0 | > 10% | Standard | 3 | 1879 | 39.69 | 31.85 | 7.05 | 10.08 | 2.73 | 8.60 |
Optimized | 4 | 1884 | 22.97 | 40.68 | 6.59 | 10.20 | 8.84 | 10.72 | ||
15 | Standard | 3 | 1848 | 41.64 | 30.37 | 7.70 | 9.97 | 2.31 | 8.01 | |
Optimized | 4 | 1850 | 24.41 | 40.11 | 6.04 | 9.90 | 7.35 | 12.19 |
Sample | FeO + MnO Level | Heat Id |
T [K] |
µ [Poise] |
Activities | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al2O3 | CaO | MgO | SiO2 | FeO | MnO | |||||
0 | ≤ 10% | 1 | 1875 | 1.37 | 0.0285 | 0.0235 | 0.0593 | 0.0011 | 0.0371 | 0.0579 |
2 | 1857 | 0.84 | 0.0042 | 0.0816 | 0.1313 | 0.0002 | 0.0149 | 0.0334 | ||
15 | 1 | 1843 | 1.84 | 0.0359 | 0.0158 | 0.0509 | 0.0017 | 0.0344 | 0.0482 | |
2 | 1839 | 0.98 | 0.0056 | 0.0603 | 0.1155 | 0.0003 | 0.0303 | 0.0507 | ||
0 | > 10% | 3 | 1879 | 1.23 | 0.0241 | 0.0225 | 0.0665 | 0.0009 | 0.0606 | 0.0847 |
4 | 1884 | 0.49 | 0.0030 | 0.0745 | 0.1269 | 0.0001 | 0.0963 | 0.1589 | ||
15 | 3 | 1848 | 1.52 | 0.0270 | 0.0179 | 0.0667 | 0.0011 | 0.0560 | 0.0772 | |
4 | 1850 | 0.59 | 0.0034 | 0.0654 | 0.1102 | 0.0001 | 0.0876 | 0.1761 |
Heat Id |
Sampling after de-O agent homogenization | Sampling moment after ladle arrival [min] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | |||||||
aO [ppm] |
T [K] |
aO [ppm] |
T [K] |
aO [ppm] |
T [K] |
aO [ppm] |
T [K] |
aO [ppm] |
T [K] |
|
1 | 27 | 1953 | 6.89 | 1875 | 5.93 | 1865 | 3.86 | 1857 | 3.13 | 1843 |
2 | 16 | 1957 | 5.12 | 1857 | 3.52 | 1852 | 3.41 | 1843 | 2.80 | 1839 |
3 | 67 | 1967 | 7.89 | 1879 | 6.08 | 1866 | 4.26 | 1860 | 2.77 | 1848 |
4 | 56 | 1973 | 8.12 | 1884 | 6.51 | 1870 | 4.38 | 1858 | 3.19 | 1850 |
Heat Id |
Top Slag | FeO+MnO | aAl2 O3 | aCaO | µ [poise] |
Inclusion Quantity [-/100mm2] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Standard | ≤ 10% | 0.77 | 0.0285 | 0.0235 | 1.37 | 195 |
2 | Optimized | 1.72 | 0.0042 | 0.0816 | 0.84 | 90 | |
3 | Standard | > 10% | 0.80 | 0.0241 | 0.0225 | 1.23 | 480 |
4 | Optimized | 1.77 | 0.0030 | 0.0745 | 0.49 | 257 |
Heat Id |
Top Slag Type |
FeO+MnO Level |
aAl2 O3 | aCaO | µ [poise] |
≤ 4µm Share [%] |
Inclusion Density Change [-/mm2] |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Standard | ≤ 10% | 0.75 | 0.0359 | 0.0158 | 1.84 | 58 | 1.95→0.66 |
2 | Optimized | 1.55 | 0.0056 | 0.0603 | 0.98 | 76 | 0.90→0.41 | |
3 | Standard | > 10% | 0.73 | 0.0270 | 0.0179 | 1.52 | 41 | 4.80→0.98 |
4 | Optimized | 1.64 | 0.0034 | 0.0654 | 0.59 | 78 | 2.57→1.12 |
Type | Inclusion | Class | Rule |
---|---|---|---|
Oxide | Alumina | Alumina | Al > 65% |
C3A | Other Oxides | (Ca+Al) ≥ 50% and 0.2 ≤ Al/Ca < 0.4 | |
C12A7 | (Ca+Al) ≥ 50% and 0.4 ≤ Al/Ca < 0.8 | ||
CA | (Ca+Al) ≥ 45% and 0.8 ≤ Al/Ca < 1.5 | ||
CA2 | (Ca+Al) ≥ 45% and 1.5 ≤ Al/Ca < 2.5 | ||
CA6 | (Ca+Al) ≥ 45% and 2.5 ≤ Al/Ca ≤ 3.0 | ||
Spinel | Al ≥ 35% and Mg/(Al+Mg+Ca) ≥ 0.15 and (Al +Mg) ≥ 70% Mg ≥ 2% | ||
AlSi | (Al+Si) ≥ 70% and Al ≥ 10% and Si ≥ 10% and Ca < 10% | ||
MnSi | Mn ≥ 10% and Al ≥ 10% and Si ≥ 10% | ||
TiAl | Ti ≥ 10% and Al ≥ 10% and (Ti+Al) ≥ 65% | ||
CaSiAl | Ca ≥ 10% and Si ≥ 5% and Al > 10% | ||
Oxysulfide | AlSi-MnS | Oxysulfide | Mn ≥ 20% and Al ≥ 10% and Si ≥ 10% and S ≥ 10% |
Si-MnS | Mn ≥ 20% and Si ≥ 10% and S ≥ 10% and Al < 5% | ||
CA-(Mn,Ca)S | (Ca+Al) > 40% and Ca ≥ 20% and Mn ≥ 10% and S ≥ 20% | ||
Sulfides | CaS | Sulfides | Ca ≥ 20% and S ≥ 20% and Si < 5% and (Mn+Al+Mg) < 15% |
MnS | Mn ≥ 10% and S ≥ 10% and (Mn+S) ≥ 50% | ||
(Ca,Mn)S | Ca ≥ 20% and S ≥ 20% and Mn ≥ 20% and Al < 20% |