ABSTRACT
This article makes a reflection on the progressivity of the pension policy in Brazil, based on the debate between Hoffmann (2021Hoffmann, R. (2021). Aposentadorias e pensões no Brasil: progressivas ou regressivas? Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 41(4), 835-841. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-3301
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-33...
) and Cardoso et al. (2021aCardoso, E., Dietrich, T. P., & Souza, A. P. (2021a). Envelhecimento da população e desigualdade - Resposta a Hoffmann. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 41(4), 840-841. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-3315
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-33...
, 2021bCardoso, E., Dietrich, T. P., & Souza, A. P. (2021b). Envelhecimento da população e desigualdade. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 41(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-3068
https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572021-30...
) published in REP. The adequacy and equity dimensions should occupy a prominent space in this analysis. The empirical literature, through the calculation of the Replacement Rate and the Internal Rate of Return, provides evidence about progressivity of old-age benefits of RGPS, in the dimensions of income, sex, education and type of benefit. As for the federal RPPS, there is less clear evidence of progressivity in terms of sex, and evidence of regressivity in terms of income.
KEYWORDS:
Pension system; progressivity; distributive aspects; adequacy; equity